Voedseladditieven als oorzaak van medische klachten: Alleen voor sulfiet verband met astma en anafylaxie aangetoond; Resultaten van een literatuuronderzoek

Objective. To determine if a causal connection exists between food additives and various medical complaints. Design. Literature study. Method. Medline over the period January 1966-January 1999 was searched for articles on the following substances not containing protein and lactose: Monosodium glutamate (MSG), sulfites, azo-dyes (tartrazine, sunset yellow, azorubin, amarant, cochineal red), benzoates, sorbates, butylated hydroxyanisole/ butylated hydroxytoluene (BHA/BHT), parabens, cinnamon and vanilla, in combination with key words regarding food and side effects. Of those studies purporting to demonstrate an effect, only double-blind randomized placebo-controlled studies with oral challenge were assessed further, unless the complaint was anaphylaxis. Of studies not demonstrating an effect the design was assessed. Results. Only for sulfites as causative agents of asthma and anaphylaxis, methodologically adequate studies demonstrating a causal connection could be found. For azo-dyes, benzoates, MSG, sorbates and BHA/BHT, no link with medical symptoms was demonstrable. For parabens, cinnamon and vanilla there were insufficient or inadequate data to justify a conclusion.