TY - JOUR
T1 - Validity and Reproducibility of a Semiquantitative Multiple-Choice Food Frequency Questionnaire in Iranian Adults
AU - Zimorovat, Alireza
AU - Moghtaderi, Fatemeh
AU - Amiri, Mojgan
AU - Raeisi-Dehkordi, Hamidreza
AU - Mohyadini, Matin
AU - Mohammadi, Mohammad
AU - Zarei, Sadegh
AU - Karimi-Nazari, Elham
AU - Mirzaei, Masoud
AU - Nadjarzadeh, Azadeh
AU - Salehi-Abargouei, Amin
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was funded by Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank all participants who voluntarily participated in the study. The authors also appreciate Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Furthermore, we are grateful to the research council of Nutrition and Food Security Research Center for their scientific support. The authors express appreciation for the executive collaboration of the diabetes research center of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was funded by Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2022.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Previous multiple-choice food-based food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were not validated against weighed dietary records (WDRs) in Iran. This study investigated the validity and reproducibility of a multiple-choice semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) in adults living in central Iran. Patients with diabetes and their spouses were asked to complete 3 SQ-FFQs by interview, and nine 3-day WDRs, over 9 months. They provided 2 blood samples to assess serum calcium, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C levels. The Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess reproducibility and validity. The degree of misclassification was explored using a contingency table of quartiles which compare the information between third FFQ and WDRs. The method of triads was incorporated to assess validity coefficients between estimated intakes using third FFQ, WDRs, and biochemical markers and assumed true intakes. A total of 180 participants aged 48.9 ± 8.4 years completed the study. Compared to WDRs, FFQs overestimated all nutrient intakes except for iron. The median intraclass correlation between FFQs was 0.56. The median de-attenuated, age, sex, and education adjusted partial correlation coefficients for validity were 0.17 and 0.26 for FFQ1-WDRs and FFQ3-WDRs, respectively. The FFQ3 validity coefficients for vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc were 0.13, 0.62, 0.89, and 0.66, respectively, using the triads method. The median exact agreement and complete disagreement between FFQ3 and WDRs were 33% and 6%, respectively. The SQ-FFQ seems to be an acceptable tool to assess the long-term dietary intake for future large-scale studies in this population.
AB - Previous multiple-choice food-based food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were not validated against weighed dietary records (WDRs) in Iran. This study investigated the validity and reproducibility of a multiple-choice semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) in adults living in central Iran. Patients with diabetes and their spouses were asked to complete 3 SQ-FFQs by interview, and nine 3-day WDRs, over 9 months. They provided 2 blood samples to assess serum calcium, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C levels. The Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess reproducibility and validity. The degree of misclassification was explored using a contingency table of quartiles which compare the information between third FFQ and WDRs. The method of triads was incorporated to assess validity coefficients between estimated intakes using third FFQ, WDRs, and biochemical markers and assumed true intakes. A total of 180 participants aged 48.9 ± 8.4 years completed the study. Compared to WDRs, FFQs overestimated all nutrient intakes except for iron. The median intraclass correlation between FFQs was 0.56. The median de-attenuated, age, sex, and education adjusted partial correlation coefficients for validity were 0.17 and 0.26 for FFQ1-WDRs and FFQ3-WDRs, respectively. The FFQ3 validity coefficients for vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc were 0.13, 0.62, 0.89, and 0.66, respectively, using the triads method. The median exact agreement and complete disagreement between FFQ3 and WDRs were 33% and 6%, respectively. The SQ-FFQ seems to be an acceptable tool to assess the long-term dietary intake for future large-scale studies in this population.
KW - biomarkers
KW - Food Frequency Questionnaire
KW - food record
KW - reproducibility
KW - validity
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85125267601
U2 - 10.1177/03795721221078353
DO - 10.1177/03795721221078353
M3 - Article
C2 - 35189721
AN - SCOPUS:85125267601
SN - 0379-5721
VL - 43
SP - 171
EP - 188
JO - Food and Nutrition Bulletin
JF - Food and Nutrition Bulletin
IS - 2
ER -