TY - JOUR
T1 - Unraveling heterogeneity in pediatric atopic dermatitis
T2 - identification of serum biomarker based patient clusters
AU - Bakker, Daphne S
AU - Graaf, Marlies de
AU - Nierkens, Stefan
AU - Delemarre, Eveline M
AU - Knol, Edward
AU - van Wijk, Femke
AU - de Bruin-Weller, Marjolein S
AU - Drylewicz, Julia
AU - Thijs, Judith L
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by Regeneron and Sanofi Genzyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence shows that pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) differs from adult AD on a biologic level. Broad biomarker profiling across a wide range of ages of pediatric patients with AD is lacking.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify serum biomarker profiles in children with AD aged 0 to 17 years and compare these profiles with those previously found in adults with AD.METHODS: Luminex multiplex immunoassays were used to measure 145 biomarkers in serum from 240 children with AD (aged 0-17 years). Principal components analysis followed by unsupervised k-means clustering were performed to identify patient clusters. Patients were stratified into age groups (0-4 years, 5-11 years, and 12-17 years) to assess association between age and cluster membership.RESULTS: Children aged 0 to 4 years had the highest levels of T
H1 cell-skewing markers and lowest levels of T
H17 cell-related markers. T
H2 cell-related markers did not differ significantly between age groups. Similar to the pattern in adults, cluster analysis identified 4 distinct pediatric patient clusters (T
H2 cell/retinol-dominant, skin-homing-dominant, T
H1 cell/T
H2 cell/T
H17 cell/IL-1-dominant, and T
H1 cell/IL-1/eosinophil-inferior clusters). Only the T
H1 cell/T
H2 cell/T
H17 cell/IL-1-dominant cluster resembled 1 of the previously identified adult clusters. Although no association with age or age of onset seemed to be found, disease severity was significantly associated with the skin-homing-dominant cluster.
CONCLUSION: Four distinct patient clusters based on serum biomarker profiles could be identified in a large cohort of pediatric patients with AD, of which 1 was similar to previously identified adult clusters. The identification of endotypes driven by distinct underlying immunopathologic pathways might be useful to define pediatric patients with AD who are at risk of persistent disease and may necessitate different targeted treatment approaches.
AB - BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence shows that pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) differs from adult AD on a biologic level. Broad biomarker profiling across a wide range of ages of pediatric patients with AD is lacking.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify serum biomarker profiles in children with AD aged 0 to 17 years and compare these profiles with those previously found in adults with AD.METHODS: Luminex multiplex immunoassays were used to measure 145 biomarkers in serum from 240 children with AD (aged 0-17 years). Principal components analysis followed by unsupervised k-means clustering were performed to identify patient clusters. Patients were stratified into age groups (0-4 years, 5-11 years, and 12-17 years) to assess association between age and cluster membership.RESULTS: Children aged 0 to 4 years had the highest levels of T
H1 cell-skewing markers and lowest levels of T
H17 cell-related markers. T
H2 cell-related markers did not differ significantly between age groups. Similar to the pattern in adults, cluster analysis identified 4 distinct pediatric patient clusters (T
H2 cell/retinol-dominant, skin-homing-dominant, T
H1 cell/T
H2 cell/T
H17 cell/IL-1-dominant, and T
H1 cell/IL-1/eosinophil-inferior clusters). Only the T
H1 cell/T
H2 cell/T
H17 cell/IL-1-dominant cluster resembled 1 of the previously identified adult clusters. Although no association with age or age of onset seemed to be found, disease severity was significantly associated with the skin-homing-dominant cluster.
CONCLUSION: Four distinct patient clusters based on serum biomarker profiles could be identified in a large cohort of pediatric patients with AD, of which 1 was similar to previously identified adult clusters. The identification of endotypes driven by distinct underlying immunopathologic pathways might be useful to define pediatric patients with AD who are at risk of persistent disease and may necessitate different targeted treatment approaches.
KW - Atopic dermatitis
KW - biomarkers
KW - cluster analysis
KW - endotypes
KW - pediatric
KW - personalized medicine
KW - principal components analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111249120&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.06.029
DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.06.029
M3 - Article
C2 - 34237306
SN - 0091-6749
VL - 149
SP - 125
EP - 134
JO - The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
JF - The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
IS - 1
ER -