TY - JOUR
T1 - Unmasking a silent killer
T2 - Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus among people living with HIV in rural South Africa
AU - de Vries, Annemiek E M
AU - Xaba, Zanele
AU - Moraba, Sehulong R
AU - Goerlitz, Luise
AU - Tempelman, Hugo A
AU - Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin
AU - Hermans, Lucas E
AU - Scheuermaier, Karine
AU - Devillé, Walter L J M
AU - Vos, Alinda G
N1 - Funding Information:
The DM‐ALERT study was funded by the Ndlovu Care Group and the Otto Kranendonkfonds—Dutch Association of Tropical Health. The funding sources were not involved at any stage of the study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2023/5
Y1 - 2023/5
N2 - OBJECTIVES: To document the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and to identify factors associated with undiagnosed DM in people living with HIV (PLWH).METHODS: Cross-sectional study performed at Ndlovu Medical Center, Limpopo, South Africa including PLWH aged ≥18 years. Between August and November 2017, 356 HIV-positive participants were included. Information was collected on socio-demographics, DM symptoms and risk factors for DM. IGT and DM were diagnosed using random plasma glucose and/or HbA1c. Factors associated with undiagnosed DM were assessed by comparing participants with newly diagnosed DM to participants without DM.RESULTS: IGT was diagnosed in 172 (48.3%) participants. Twenty-nine (8.1%) participants met the definition of DM, of whom 17 (58.6%) were newly diagnosed. Compared to participants without DM, participants with DM were on average 5 years older, were more likely to have a positive family history for DM, were less physically active and had higher systolic blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference. Factors associated with undiagnosed DM included age ≥45 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.59) and physical inactivity (OR = 3.17).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of IGT and DM among PLWH is high and more than half of DM cases were undiagnosed. Regular screening for DM in PLWH is recommended, especially in an ageing population with additional cardiovascular disease risk factors.
AB - OBJECTIVES: To document the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and to identify factors associated with undiagnosed DM in people living with HIV (PLWH).METHODS: Cross-sectional study performed at Ndlovu Medical Center, Limpopo, South Africa including PLWH aged ≥18 years. Between August and November 2017, 356 HIV-positive participants were included. Information was collected on socio-demographics, DM symptoms and risk factors for DM. IGT and DM were diagnosed using random plasma glucose and/or HbA1c. Factors associated with undiagnosed DM were assessed by comparing participants with newly diagnosed DM to participants without DM.RESULTS: IGT was diagnosed in 172 (48.3%) participants. Twenty-nine (8.1%) participants met the definition of DM, of whom 17 (58.6%) were newly diagnosed. Compared to participants without DM, participants with DM were on average 5 years older, were more likely to have a positive family history for DM, were less physically active and had higher systolic blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference. Factors associated with undiagnosed DM included age ≥45 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.59) and physical inactivity (OR = 3.17).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of IGT and DM among PLWH is high and more than half of DM cases were undiagnosed. Regular screening for DM in PLWH is recommended, especially in an ageing population with additional cardiovascular disease risk factors.
KW - diabetes mellitus
KW - epidemiology
KW - HIV
KW - impaired glucose tolerance
KW - sub-Saharan Africa
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85151405785
U2 - 10.1111/tmi.13871
DO - 10.1111/tmi.13871
M3 - Article
C2 - 36920286
SN - 1360-2276
VL - 28
SP - 367
EP - 373
JO - Tropical medicine & international health
JF - Tropical medicine & international health
IS - 5
ER -