TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultrasonographic measurements of localized fat accumulation in Shetland pony mares fed a normal v. a high energy diet for 2 years
AU - Siegers, E W
AU - de Ruijter-Villani, M
AU - van Doorn, D A
AU - Stout, T A E
AU - Roelfsema, E
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Pavo for the semi-purified concentrate diet and Hans Vernooij and Jan van den Broek for their help with the statistical analysis. Funding for the project was provided by the FP7 Marie Curie International Training Network ‘EpiHealthNet’ (project number 317146). All experiments were approved by the Animal Welfare committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (ethical committee approval No. 2014.III.01.004).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Animal Consortium.
PY - 2018/8/1
Y1 - 2018/8/1
N2 - Health risks associated with obesity are more likely a factor of the localization of fat excess, rather than of elevated BW per se. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to determine the effect of a long-term high energy diet on BW, fat accumulation and localization. Eight Shetland pony mares, 3 to 7 years old, were randomly divided into a control and a high energy (HE) diet group fed either maintenance or double maintenance energy requirements (200% net energy (NE)) for two consecutive summers, with a low energy diet in the winter in between. Body condition score (BCS) did not differ between the groups at the onset of the study (control 5.6±0.75 v. HE 6.3±0.5). From 12 weeks after starting the diet, ultrasonography of five different locations (retroperitoneal, axillary, withers, intercostal and rump) for adipose deposition, BCS and BW were measured monthly during the period that ponies received different diets. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effects model with post hoc Bonferroni testing. P values <0.05 were considered significant. At week 12 after the onset of the diet, fat thickness in the HE group was significantly greater than in the control group. During the monitoring period, the HE group showed a significant increase in mean (±SE) BW (+52%, 265±13.94kg) and BCS (+70%; to 9.0±0.4), while the control group was unchanged (BW 160±13.98 kg; BCS 3.8±0.4). At all locations, the fat depth in the HE group increased significantly, with the highest increase noted for retroperitoneal deposits. The conclusions were that a 200% NE diet induced subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat accumulation, with the greatest increase in intra-abdominal deposits. The moderate increase of the subcutaneous fat depth followed by a plateau phase suggests the existence of a limit of adipose tissue expandability, as in man.
AB - Health risks associated with obesity are more likely a factor of the localization of fat excess, rather than of elevated BW per se. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to determine the effect of a long-term high energy diet on BW, fat accumulation and localization. Eight Shetland pony mares, 3 to 7 years old, were randomly divided into a control and a high energy (HE) diet group fed either maintenance or double maintenance energy requirements (200% net energy (NE)) for two consecutive summers, with a low energy diet in the winter in between. Body condition score (BCS) did not differ between the groups at the onset of the study (control 5.6±0.75 v. HE 6.3±0.5). From 12 weeks after starting the diet, ultrasonography of five different locations (retroperitoneal, axillary, withers, intercostal and rump) for adipose deposition, BCS and BW were measured monthly during the period that ponies received different diets. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effects model with post hoc Bonferroni testing. P values <0.05 were considered significant. At week 12 after the onset of the diet, fat thickness in the HE group was significantly greater than in the control group. During the monitoring period, the HE group showed a significant increase in mean (±SE) BW (+52%, 265±13.94kg) and BCS (+70%; to 9.0±0.4), while the control group was unchanged (BW 160±13.98 kg; BCS 3.8±0.4). At all locations, the fat depth in the HE group increased significantly, with the highest increase noted for retroperitoneal deposits. The conclusions were that a 200% NE diet induced subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat accumulation, with the greatest increase in intra-abdominal deposits. The moderate increase of the subcutaneous fat depth followed by a plateau phase suggests the existence of a limit of adipose tissue expandability, as in man.
KW - Adipose Tissue
KW - Adiposity
KW - Animal Feed
KW - Animals
KW - Body Composition
KW - Diet
KW - Energy Intake
KW - Female
KW - Horses/growth & development
KW - Obesity
KW - adipose tissue
KW - equine metabolic syndrome
KW - horse
KW - intra-abdominal fat
KW - obesity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85038034463&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S1751731117003251
DO - 10.1017/S1751731117003251
M3 - Article
C2 - 29198235
SN - 1751-7311
VL - 12
SP - 1602
EP - 1610
JO - Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience
JF - Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience
IS - 8
ER -