Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Stapesplasty Outcome Test 25 (SPOT-25) for measurement of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Dutch otosclerosis patients: a prospective study

Esther E Blijleven; Maaike Jellema; Joeri Buwalda; Raphael J B Hemler; Huib F van Waegeningh; Robert J Stokroos; Hans G X M Thomeer; Inge Wegner

doi:10.1007/s00405-025-09353-5

Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Stapesplasty Outcome Test 25 (SPOT-25) for measurement of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Dutch otosclerosis patients: a prospective study

Esther E Blijleven^*, Maaike Jellema, Joeri Buwalda, Raphael J B Hemler, Huib F van Waegeningh, Robert J Stokroos, Hans G X M Thomeer, Inge Wegner

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

PURPOSE: To translate and culturally adapt the SPOT-25 to the Dutch language and validate the Dutch SPOT-25 in a Dutch population of otosclerosis patients undergoing primary stapes surgery.

METHODS: A multicenter prospective validation study was performed between November 2018 and May 2024. The translation into Dutch and validation process of the SPOT-25 was performed according to the COSMIN guidelines. Patients were asked to complete the SPOT-25 and Glasgow Health Status Questionnaire (GHSQ) preoperatively, the SPOT-25, GHSQ and Glasgow Benefit Inventory six to eight weeks postoperatively and the SPOT-25 eight to ten weeks postoperatively. Healthy controls were asked to complete the translated SPOT-25 once. Preoperative and postoperative audiometric results were also obtained. The evaluated measurement properties included construct validity, measurement invariance, discriminative validity, reliability and responsiveness of the translated SPOT-25.

RESULTS: Hundred and fifteen patients and 50 healthy controls were analyzed. Analyses of the translated SPOT-25 showed adequate construct validity, discriminative validity, reliability and responsiveness. The SPOT-25 scores were strongly correlated with the GHSQ score. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good as Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients were higher than 0.70. The four-factor model fitted best in our population of otosclerosis patients; however the results indicated a mediocre fit between the model and the data.

CONCLUSION: The Dutch SPOT-25 showed good validity, reliability and responsiveness and can be implemented as an additional outcome measure to improve otosclerosis research and clinical practice.

Original language	English
Article number	f167
Pages (from-to)	4477-4486
Number of pages	10
Journal	European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
Volume	282
Issue number	9
Early online date	8 May 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-025-09353-5
Publication status	Published - Sept 2025

Keywords

Hearing loss
HRQOL
Otology
Otosclerosis
PROMs
Stapes surgery

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Blijleven, E. E., Jellema, M., Buwalda, J., Hemler, R. J. B., van Waegeningh, H. F., Stokroos, R. J., Thomeer, H. G. X. M., & Wegner, I. (2025). Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Stapesplasty Outcome Test 25 (SPOT-25) for measurement of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Dutch otosclerosis patients: a prospective study. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 282(9), 4477-4486. Article f167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-025-09353-5

Blijleven, Esther E ; Jellema, Maaike ; Buwalda, Joeri et al. / Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Stapesplasty Outcome Test 25 (SPOT-25) for measurement of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Dutch otosclerosis patients : a prospective study. In: European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2025 ; Vol. 282, No. 9. pp. 4477-4486.

@article{906d27544c9c4ade8a6179987583e766,

title = "Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Stapesplasty Outcome Test 25 (SPOT-25) for measurement of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Dutch otosclerosis patients: a prospective study",

abstract = "PURPOSE: To translate and culturally adapt the SPOT-25 to the Dutch language and validate the Dutch SPOT-25 in a Dutch population of otosclerosis patients undergoing primary stapes surgery.METHODS: A multicenter prospective validation study was performed between November 2018 and May 2024. The translation into Dutch and validation process of the SPOT-25 was performed according to the COSMIN guidelines. Patients were asked to complete the SPOT-25 and Glasgow Health Status Questionnaire (GHSQ) preoperatively, the SPOT-25, GHSQ and Glasgow Benefit Inventory six to eight weeks postoperatively and the SPOT-25 eight to ten weeks postoperatively. Healthy controls were asked to complete the translated SPOT-25 once. Preoperative and postoperative audiometric results were also obtained. The evaluated measurement properties included construct validity, measurement invariance, discriminative validity, reliability and responsiveness of the translated SPOT-25.RESULTS: Hundred and fifteen patients and 50 healthy controls were analyzed. Analyses of the translated SPOT-25 showed adequate construct validity, discriminative validity, reliability and responsiveness. The SPOT-25 scores were strongly correlated with the GHSQ score. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good as Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients were higher than 0.70. The four-factor model fitted best in our population of otosclerosis patients; however the results indicated a mediocre fit between the model and the data.CONCLUSION: The Dutch SPOT-25 showed good validity, reliability and responsiveness and can be implemented as an additional outcome measure to improve otosclerosis research and clinical practice.",

keywords = "Hearing loss, HRQOL, Otology, Otosclerosis, PROMs, Stapes surgery",

author = "Blijleven, \{Esther E\} and Maaike Jellema and Joeri Buwalda and Hemler, \{Raphael J B\} and \{van Waegeningh\}, \{Huib F\} and Stokroos, \{Robert J\} and Thomeer, \{Hans G X M\} and Inge Wegner",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025.",

year = "2025",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1007/s00405-025-09353-5",

language = "English",

volume = "282",

pages = "4477--4486",

journal = "European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery",

issn = "0937-4477",

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number = "9",

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Blijleven, EE, Jellema, M, Buwalda, J, Hemler, RJB, van Waegeningh, HF, Stokroos, RJ , Thomeer, HGXM & Wegner, I 2025, 'Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Stapesplasty Outcome Test 25 (SPOT-25) for measurement of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Dutch otosclerosis patients: a prospective study', European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol. 282, no. 9, f167, pp. 4477-4486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-025-09353-5

Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Stapesplasty Outcome Test 25 (SPOT-25) for measurement of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Dutch otosclerosis patients: a prospective study. / Blijleven, Esther E; Jellema, Maaike; Buwalda, Joeri et al.
In: European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 282, No. 9, f167, 09.2025, p. 4477-4486.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Stapesplasty Outcome Test 25 (SPOT-25) for measurement of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Dutch otosclerosis patients

T2 - a prospective study

AU - Blijleven, Esther E

AU - Jellema, Maaike

AU - Buwalda, Joeri

AU - Hemler, Raphael J B

AU - van Waegeningh, Huib F

AU - Stokroos, Robert J

AU - Thomeer, Hans G X M

AU - Wegner, Inge

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.

PY - 2025/9

Y1 - 2025/9

N2 - PURPOSE: To translate and culturally adapt the SPOT-25 to the Dutch language and validate the Dutch SPOT-25 in a Dutch population of otosclerosis patients undergoing primary stapes surgery.METHODS: A multicenter prospective validation study was performed between November 2018 and May 2024. The translation into Dutch and validation process of the SPOT-25 was performed according to the COSMIN guidelines. Patients were asked to complete the SPOT-25 and Glasgow Health Status Questionnaire (GHSQ) preoperatively, the SPOT-25, GHSQ and Glasgow Benefit Inventory six to eight weeks postoperatively and the SPOT-25 eight to ten weeks postoperatively. Healthy controls were asked to complete the translated SPOT-25 once. Preoperative and postoperative audiometric results were also obtained. The evaluated measurement properties included construct validity, measurement invariance, discriminative validity, reliability and responsiveness of the translated SPOT-25.RESULTS: Hundred and fifteen patients and 50 healthy controls were analyzed. Analyses of the translated SPOT-25 showed adequate construct validity, discriminative validity, reliability and responsiveness. The SPOT-25 scores were strongly correlated with the GHSQ score. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good as Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients were higher than 0.70. The four-factor model fitted best in our population of otosclerosis patients; however the results indicated a mediocre fit between the model and the data.CONCLUSION: The Dutch SPOT-25 showed good validity, reliability and responsiveness and can be implemented as an additional outcome measure to improve otosclerosis research and clinical practice.

AB - PURPOSE: To translate and culturally adapt the SPOT-25 to the Dutch language and validate the Dutch SPOT-25 in a Dutch population of otosclerosis patients undergoing primary stapes surgery.METHODS: A multicenter prospective validation study was performed between November 2018 and May 2024. The translation into Dutch and validation process of the SPOT-25 was performed according to the COSMIN guidelines. Patients were asked to complete the SPOT-25 and Glasgow Health Status Questionnaire (GHSQ) preoperatively, the SPOT-25, GHSQ and Glasgow Benefit Inventory six to eight weeks postoperatively and the SPOT-25 eight to ten weeks postoperatively. Healthy controls were asked to complete the translated SPOT-25 once. Preoperative and postoperative audiometric results were also obtained. The evaluated measurement properties included construct validity, measurement invariance, discriminative validity, reliability and responsiveness of the translated SPOT-25.RESULTS: Hundred and fifteen patients and 50 healthy controls were analyzed. Analyses of the translated SPOT-25 showed adequate construct validity, discriminative validity, reliability and responsiveness. The SPOT-25 scores were strongly correlated with the GHSQ score. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good as Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients were higher than 0.70. The four-factor model fitted best in our population of otosclerosis patients; however the results indicated a mediocre fit between the model and the data.CONCLUSION: The Dutch SPOT-25 showed good validity, reliability and responsiveness and can be implemented as an additional outcome measure to improve otosclerosis research and clinical practice.

KW - Hearing loss

KW - HRQOL

KW - Otology

KW - Otosclerosis

KW - PROMs

KW - Stapes surgery

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105004691770

U2 - 10.1007/s00405-025-09353-5

DO - 10.1007/s00405-025-09353-5

M3 - Article

C2 - 40335765

SN - 0937-4477

VL - 282

SP - 4477

EP - 4486

JO - European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

JF - European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

IS - 9

M1 - f167

ER -

Blijleven EE, Jellema M, Buwalda J, Hemler RJB, van Waegeningh HF, Stokroos RJ et al. Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Stapesplasty Outcome Test 25 (SPOT-25) for measurement of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Dutch otosclerosis patients: a prospective study. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2025 Sept;282(9):4477-4486. f167. Epub 2025 May 8. doi: 10.1007/s00405-025-09353-5

Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Stapesplasty Outcome Test 25 (SPOT-25) for measurement of disease-specific health-related quality of life in Dutch otosclerosis patients: a prospective study

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Keywords

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