TY - JOUR
T1 - Trained Immunity
T2 - a Tool for Reducing Susceptibility to and the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
AU - Netea, Mihai G
AU - Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J
AU - Domínguez-Andrés, Jorge
AU - Curtis, Nigel
AU - van Crevel, Reinout
AU - van de Veerdonk, Frank L
AU - Bonten, Marc
N1 - Funding Information:
M.G.N. was supported by an ERC advanced grant ( 833247 ) and a Spinoza grant of the Netherlands Association for Scientific Research . R.v.C. is supported by the National Institutes of Health ( R01AI145781 ) and European Union ( RIA2018CO-2514-PROTID ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Inc.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/5/28
Y1 - 2020/5/28
N2 - SARS-CoV-2 infection is mild in the majority of individuals but progresses into severe pneumonia in a small proportion of patients. The increased susceptibility to severe disease in the elderly and individuals with co-morbidities argues for an initial defect in anti-viral host defense mechanisms. Long-term boosting of innate immune responses, also termed "trained immunity," by certain live vaccines (BCG, oral polio vaccine, measles) induces heterologous protection against infections through epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. We propose that induction of trained immunity by whole-microorganism vaccines may represent an important tool for reducing susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2.
AB - SARS-CoV-2 infection is mild in the majority of individuals but progresses into severe pneumonia in a small proportion of patients. The increased susceptibility to severe disease in the elderly and individuals with co-morbidities argues for an initial defect in anti-viral host defense mechanisms. Long-term boosting of innate immune responses, also termed "trained immunity," by certain live vaccines (BCG, oral polio vaccine, measles) induces heterologous protection against infections through epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. We propose that induction of trained immunity by whole-microorganism vaccines may represent an important tool for reducing susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2.
KW - Animals
KW - BCG Vaccine/immunology
KW - Betacoronavirus/physiology
KW - Clinical Trials as Topic
KW - Coronavirus Infections/immunology
KW - Humans
KW - Immunity, Innate/drug effects
KW - Immunomodulation
KW - Lung/immunology
KW - Lymphopenia/pathology
KW - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/physiology
KW - Pandemics
KW - Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
KW - SARS Virus/physiology
KW - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
KW - Virus Replication
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084819543&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.042
DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.042
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32437659
SN - 0092-8674
VL - 181
SP - 969
EP - 977
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
IS - 5
ER -