The landscape of immune monitoring in CAR-T cell therapy: A comprehensive review and survey study by the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party of the EBMT

Simona Pagliuca; Florent Malard; Jarl E Mooyaart; Michael Daskalakis; Ludovic Gabellier; Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha; Ron Ram; Caroline Besley; Edouard Forcade; Vladan Vucinic; Lucía López Corral; Jan Vydra; Bastian von Tresckow; Paula Amat; Persis Amrolia; Peter Vandenberghe; Friedrich Stölzel; Simona Sica; Marie Thérèse Rubio; Jorinde D Hoogenboom; Valentín Ortiz-Maldonado; Arnon Nagler; Jürgen Kuball; Christian Chabannon; Annalisa Ruggeri

doi:10.1016/j.blre.2025.101272

The landscape of immune monitoring in CAR-T cell therapy: A comprehensive review and survey study by the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party of the EBMT

Simona Pagliuca^*, Florent Malard, Jarl E Mooyaart, Michael Daskalakis, Ludovic Gabellier, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Ron Ram, Caroline Besley, Edouard Forcade, Vladan Vucinic, Lucía López Corral, Jan Vydra, Bastian von Tresckow, Paula Amat, Persis Amrolia, Peter Vandenberghe, Friedrich Stölzel, Simona Sica, Marie Thérèse Rubio, Jorinde D HoogenboomValentín Ortiz-Maldonado, Arnon Nagler, Jürgen Kuball, Christian Chabannon, Annalisa Ruggeri

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

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Abstract

Immune monitoring of cell therapies is a complex and evolving topic, particularly in the rapid expanding field of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell applications. Defining essential, recommended, and optional immune monitoring data post-CAR-T cell infusion is crucial to improve patient outcomes and inform post-treatment decisions. To address this gap, we conducted a survey-based study across centers affiliated with the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), focusing on patients treated with European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved CAR-T products. Building on a thorough review of the literature, we mapped the current landscape of immune monitoring practices and assessed their impact on clinical management. By defining the state of the art in the field, this work marks an initial step towards a structured harmonization process potentially able to enhance the management and outcomes of patients undergoing these immune cell therapies.

Original language	English
Article number	101272
Number of pages	13
Journal	Blood Reviews
Volume	71
Early online date	15 Feb 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2025.101272
Publication status	Published - May 2025

Keywords

B cell aplasia
CAR-T cell expansion
CAR-T cells
CRS
ICANS
Immune monitoring
Immune reconstitution
Lentiviral integration
Transduction

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10.1016/j.blre.2025.101272Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

1-s2.0-S0268960X25000177-mainFinal published version, 6.67 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

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Pagliuca, S., Malard, F., Mooyaart, J. E., Daskalakis, M., Gabellier, L., Yakoub-Agha, I., Ram, R., Besley, C., Forcade, E., Vucinic, V., Corral, L. L., Vydra, J., von Tresckow, B., Amat, P., Amrolia, P., Vandenberghe, P., Stölzel, F., Sica, S., Rubio, M. T., ... Ruggeri, A. (2025). The landscape of immune monitoring in CAR-T cell therapy: A comprehensive review and survey study by the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party of the EBMT. Blood Reviews, 71, Article 101272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2025.101272

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title = "The landscape of immune monitoring in CAR-T cell therapy: A comprehensive review and survey study by the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party of the EBMT",

abstract = "Immune monitoring of cell therapies is a complex and evolving topic, particularly in the rapid expanding field of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell applications. Defining essential, recommended, and optional immune monitoring data post-CAR-T cell infusion is crucial to improve patient outcomes and inform post-treatment decisions. To address this gap, we conducted a survey-based study across centers affiliated with the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), focusing on patients treated with European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved CAR-T products. Building on a thorough review of the literature, we mapped the current landscape of immune monitoring practices and assessed their impact on clinical management. By defining the state of the art in the field, this work marks an initial step towards a structured harmonization process potentially able to enhance the management and outcomes of patients undergoing these immune cell therapies.",

keywords = "B cell aplasia, CAR-T cell expansion, CAR-T cells, CRS, ICANS, Immune monitoring, Immune reconstitution, Lentiviral integration, Transduction",

author = "Simona Pagliuca and Florent Malard and Mooyaart, {Jarl E} and Michael Daskalakis and Ludovic Gabellier and Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha and Ron Ram and Caroline Besley and Edouard Forcade and Vladan Vucinic and Corral, {Luc{\'i}a L{\'o}pez} and Jan Vydra and {von Tresckow}, Bastian and Paula Amat and Persis Amrolia and Peter Vandenberghe and Friedrich St{\"o}lzel and Simona Sica and Rubio, {Marie Th{\'e}r{\`e}se} and Hoogenboom, {Jorinde D} and Valent{\'i}n Ortiz-Maldonado and Arnon Nagler and J{\"u}rgen Kuball and Christian Chabannon and Annalisa Ruggeri",

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year = "2025",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/j.blre.2025.101272",

language = "English",

volume = "71",

journal = "Blood Reviews",

issn = "0268-960X",

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Pagliuca, S, Malard, F, Mooyaart, JE, Daskalakis, M, Gabellier, L, Yakoub-Agha, I, Ram, R, Besley, C, Forcade, E, Vucinic, V, Corral, LL, Vydra, J, von Tresckow, B, Amat, P, Amrolia, P, Vandenberghe, P, Stölzel, F, Sica, S, Rubio, MT, Hoogenboom, JD, Ortiz-Maldonado, V, Nagler, A, Kuball, J, Chabannon, C & Ruggeri, A 2025, 'The landscape of immune monitoring in CAR-T cell therapy: A comprehensive review and survey study by the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party of the EBMT', Blood Reviews, vol. 71, 101272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2025.101272

TY - JOUR

T1 - The landscape of immune monitoring in CAR-T cell therapy

T2 - A comprehensive review and survey study by the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party of the EBMT

AU - Pagliuca, Simona

AU - Malard, Florent

AU - Mooyaart, Jarl E

AU - Daskalakis, Michael

AU - Gabellier, Ludovic

AU - Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim

AU - Ram, Ron

AU - Besley, Caroline

AU - Forcade, Edouard

AU - Vucinic, Vladan

AU - Corral, Lucía López

AU - Vydra, Jan

AU - von Tresckow, Bastian

AU - Amat, Paula

AU - Amrolia, Persis

AU - Vandenberghe, Peter

AU - Stölzel, Friedrich

AU - Sica, Simona

AU - Rubio, Marie Thérèse

AU - Hoogenboom, Jorinde D

AU - Ortiz-Maldonado, Valentín

AU - Nagler, Arnon

AU - Kuball, Jürgen

AU - Chabannon, Christian

AU - Ruggeri, Annalisa

PY - 2025/5

Y1 - 2025/5

N2 - Immune monitoring of cell therapies is a complex and evolving topic, particularly in the rapid expanding field of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell applications. Defining essential, recommended, and optional immune monitoring data post-CAR-T cell infusion is crucial to improve patient outcomes and inform post-treatment decisions. To address this gap, we conducted a survey-based study across centers affiliated with the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), focusing on patients treated with European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved CAR-T products. Building on a thorough review of the literature, we mapped the current landscape of immune monitoring practices and assessed their impact on clinical management. By defining the state of the art in the field, this work marks an initial step towards a structured harmonization process potentially able to enhance the management and outcomes of patients undergoing these immune cell therapies.

AB - Immune monitoring of cell therapies is a complex and evolving topic, particularly in the rapid expanding field of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell applications. Defining essential, recommended, and optional immune monitoring data post-CAR-T cell infusion is crucial to improve patient outcomes and inform post-treatment decisions. To address this gap, we conducted a survey-based study across centers affiliated with the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), focusing on patients treated with European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved CAR-T products. Building on a thorough review of the literature, we mapped the current landscape of immune monitoring practices and assessed their impact on clinical management. By defining the state of the art in the field, this work marks an initial step towards a structured harmonization process potentially able to enhance the management and outcomes of patients undergoing these immune cell therapies.

KW - B cell aplasia

KW - CAR-T cell expansion

KW - CAR-T cells

KW - CRS

KW - ICANS

KW - Immune monitoring

KW - Immune reconstitution

KW - Lentiviral integration

KW - Transduction

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85219062505&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.blre.2025.101272

DO - 10.1016/j.blre.2025.101272

M3 - Review article

C2 - 39986989

SN - 0268-960X

VL - 71

JO - Blood Reviews

JF - Blood Reviews

M1 - 101272

ER -

The landscape of immune monitoring in CAR-T cell therapy: A comprehensive review and survey study by the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party of the EBMT

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Keywords

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