TY - JOUR
T1 - Surrounding green, air pollution, traffic noise exposure and non-accidental and cause-specific mortality
AU - Klompmaker, Jochem O.
AU - Hoek, Gerard
AU - Bloemsma, Lizan D.
AU - Marra, Marten
AU - Wijga, Alet H.
AU - van den Brink, Carolien
AU - Brunekreef, Bert
AU - Lebret, Erik
AU - Gehring, Ulrike
AU - Janssen, Nicole A. H.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was carried out in the framework of, and funded by the RIVM Strategic Program (SPR; S/121004 HERACLES), in which expertise and innovative projects prepare RIVM to respond to future issues in health and sustainability. The Dutch Public Health Monitor 2012 (Gezondheidsmonitor Volwassenen GGD-en, CBS en RIVM) was conducted by 28 Public Health Services (GGD), Statistics Netherlands (CBS) and National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Statistical analyses were further facilitated by CBS. The study was approved by the authorized review board. We would like to thank Maarten Schipper for his input. The authors declare that they have no actual or potential competing financial interests.
Funding Information:
This research was carried out in the framework of, and funded by the RIVM Strategic Program ( SPR; S/121004 HERACLES ), in which expertise and innovative projects prepare RIVM to respond to future issues in health and sustainability. The Dutch Public Health Monitor 2012 (Gezondheidsmonitor Volwassenen GGD-en, CBS en RIVM) was conducted by 28 Public Health Services (GGD), Statistics Netherlands (CBS) and National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Statistical analyses were further facilitated by CBS. The study was approved by the authorized review board. We would like to thank Maarten Schipper for his input.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors
PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - Background: Most previous studies that investigated associations of surrounding green, air pollution or traffic noise with mortality focused on single exposures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate combined associations of long-term residential exposure to surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise with total non-accidental and cause-specific mortality. Methods: We linked a national health survey (Public Health Monitor, PHM) conducted in 2012 to the Dutch longitudinal mortality database. Subjects of the survey who were 30 years or older on 1 January 2013 (n = 339,633) were followed from 1 January 2013 till 31 December 2017. We used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate associations of residential surrounding green (including the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in buffers of 300 m and 1000 m), annual average air pollutant concentrations (including particulate matter (PM
10, PM
2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO
2)) and traffic noise with non-accidental, circulatory disease, respiratory disease, lung cancer and neurodegenerative disease mortality. Results: We observed 26,886 non-accidental deaths over 1.627.365 person-years of follow-up. Surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise exposure were not significantly associated with non-accidental or cause-specific mortality. For non-accidental mortality, we found a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) per IQR increase in NDVI 300 m, a HR of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.01) per IQR increase in NO
2, a HR of 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) per IQR increase in PM
2.5 and a HR of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.01) per IQR increase in road-traffic noise. Analyses restricted to non-movers or excluding subjects aged 85+ years did not change the findings. Conclusion: We found no evidence for associations of long-term residential exposures to surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise with non-accidental or cause-specific mortality in a large population based survey in the Netherlands, possibly related to the relatively short follow-up period.
AB - Background: Most previous studies that investigated associations of surrounding green, air pollution or traffic noise with mortality focused on single exposures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate combined associations of long-term residential exposure to surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise with total non-accidental and cause-specific mortality. Methods: We linked a national health survey (Public Health Monitor, PHM) conducted in 2012 to the Dutch longitudinal mortality database. Subjects of the survey who were 30 years or older on 1 January 2013 (n = 339,633) were followed from 1 January 2013 till 31 December 2017. We used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate associations of residential surrounding green (including the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in buffers of 300 m and 1000 m), annual average air pollutant concentrations (including particulate matter (PM
10, PM
2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO
2)) and traffic noise with non-accidental, circulatory disease, respiratory disease, lung cancer and neurodegenerative disease mortality. Results: We observed 26,886 non-accidental deaths over 1.627.365 person-years of follow-up. Surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise exposure were not significantly associated with non-accidental or cause-specific mortality. For non-accidental mortality, we found a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) per IQR increase in NDVI 300 m, a HR of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.01) per IQR increase in NO
2, a HR of 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) per IQR increase in PM
2.5 and a HR of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.01) per IQR increase in road-traffic noise. Analyses restricted to non-movers or excluding subjects aged 85+ years did not change the findings. Conclusion: We found no evidence for associations of long-term residential exposures to surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise with non-accidental or cause-specific mortality in a large population based survey in the Netherlands, possibly related to the relatively short follow-up period.
KW - Mortality
KW - NDVI
KW - NO
KW - PM
KW - Traffic noise
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85075525463
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105341
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105341
M3 - Article
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 134
SP - 1
EP - 10
JO - Environment International
JF - Environment International
M1 - 105341
ER -