TY - JOUR
T1 - Status of Surveillance and Nonsurgical Therapy for Small Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
AU - van Beek, Dirk-Jan
AU - Verschuur, Anna Vera D
AU - Brosens, Lodewijk A A
AU - Valk, Gerlof D
AU - Pieterman, Carolina R C
AU - Vriens, Menno R
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors have nothing to disclose.
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) occur in < 1/100,000 patients and most are nonfunctioning (NF). Approximately 5% occur as part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Anatomic and molecular imaging have a pivotal role in the diagnosis, staging and active surveillance. Surgery is generally recommended for nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) >2 cm to prevent metastases. For tumors ≤2 cm, active surveillance is a viable alternative. Tumor size and grade are important factors to guide management. Assessment of death domain-associated protein 6/alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked and alternative lengthening of telomeres are promising novel prognostic markers. This review summarizes the status of surveillance and nonsurgical management for small NF-PNETs, including factors that can guide management.
AB - Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) occur in < 1/100,000 patients and most are nonfunctioning (NF). Approximately 5% occur as part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Anatomic and molecular imaging have a pivotal role in the diagnosis, staging and active surveillance. Surgery is generally recommended for nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) >2 cm to prevent metastases. For tumors ≤2 cm, active surveillance is a viable alternative. Tumor size and grade are important factors to guide management. Assessment of death domain-associated protein 6/alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked and alternative lengthening of telomeres are promising novel prognostic markers. This review summarizes the status of surveillance and nonsurgical management for small NF-PNETs, including factors that can guide management.
KW - Humans
KW - Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/pathology
KW - Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive
KW - Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology
KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
KW - EUS-Guided intervention
KW - Active surveillance
KW - Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
KW - Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
KW - Prognostic factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150312248&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.soc.2022.10.010
DO - 10.1016/j.soc.2022.10.010
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36925190
SN - 1055-3207
VL - 32
SP - 343
EP - 371
JO - Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
JF - Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
IS - 2
ER -