TY - JOUR
T1 - Short-term immunogenicity and safety of hepatitis-A and varicella vaccines in HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed South African children
AU - Mutsaerts, Eleonora A.M.L.
AU - Nunes, Marta C.
AU - Bhikha, Sutika
AU - Ikulinda, Benit T.
AU - Jose, Lisa
AU - Koen, Anthonet
AU - Moultrie, Andrew
AU - Grobbee, Diederick E.
AU - Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin
AU - Weinberg, Adriana
AU - Madhi, Shabir A.
PY - 2020/5/8
Y1 - 2020/5/8
N2 - Background: HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children have increased risk of infectious morbidity during early childhood. We evaluated the short-term immunogenicity and safety of single dose inactivated hepatitis-A virus (HAV) vaccine and live attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in South African children. Methods: 195 HIV-unexposed and 64 HEU children received either one dose of HAV or VZV vaccine at 18 months of age. Blood samples were tested for hepatitis-A or VZV antibodies before and one month after vaccination by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. All children were evaluated for solicited adverse events (AEs). Results: One-month post-vaccination, a similar percentage of HIV-unexposed (91.8%) and HEU (82.9%) children were seropositive for hepatitis-A (p = 0.144). VZV antibody geometric mean fold-rise was also similar in HIV-unexposed (5.6; 95%CI: 4.6–6.7) and HEU children (5.1; 95%CI: 3.7–7.2); however, only 44% HIV-unexposed and HEU seroconverted (titers > 50 mIU/ml). AEs occurred with similar frequency and severity between groups, except for more systemic AEs after VZV vaccination in HEU than HIV-unexposed children. Conclusions: Single dose HAV and VZV vaccine was similarly immunogenic in HIV-unexposed and HEU children. We did not identify differences in short-term humoral immunity after administration of either a live attenuated or inactivated vaccine. Seroconversion rates after a single dose of VZV vaccine were, however, lower compared to reports from previous studies (85–89%). Clinical trials registration: NCT03330171.
AB - Background: HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children have increased risk of infectious morbidity during early childhood. We evaluated the short-term immunogenicity and safety of single dose inactivated hepatitis-A virus (HAV) vaccine and live attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in South African children. Methods: 195 HIV-unexposed and 64 HEU children received either one dose of HAV or VZV vaccine at 18 months of age. Blood samples were tested for hepatitis-A or VZV antibodies before and one month after vaccination by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. All children were evaluated for solicited adverse events (AEs). Results: One-month post-vaccination, a similar percentage of HIV-unexposed (91.8%) and HEU (82.9%) children were seropositive for hepatitis-A (p = 0.144). VZV antibody geometric mean fold-rise was also similar in HIV-unexposed (5.6; 95%CI: 4.6–6.7) and HEU children (5.1; 95%CI: 3.7–7.2); however, only 44% HIV-unexposed and HEU seroconverted (titers > 50 mIU/ml). AEs occurred with similar frequency and severity between groups, except for more systemic AEs after VZV vaccination in HEU than HIV-unexposed children. Conclusions: Single dose HAV and VZV vaccine was similarly immunogenic in HIV-unexposed and HEU children. We did not identify differences in short-term humoral immunity after administration of either a live attenuated or inactivated vaccine. Seroconversion rates after a single dose of VZV vaccine were, however, lower compared to reports from previous studies (85–89%). Clinical trials registration: NCT03330171.
KW - Chickenpox vaccine
KW - Hepatitis A vaccines
KW - Hepatitis A virus
KW - HIV exposure
KW - Immunogenicity
KW - Varicella zoster virus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083290865&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.045
DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.045
M3 - Article
C2 - 32307279
AN - SCOPUS:85083290865
SN - 0264-410X
VL - 38
SP - 3862
EP - 3868
JO - Vaccine
JF - Vaccine
IS - 22
ER -