TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex differences in body composition in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as compared with people with normal glucose metabolism
T2 - the Maastricht Study
AU - de Ritter, Rianneke
AU - Sep, Simone J.S.
AU - van Greevenbroek, Marleen M.J.
AU - Kusters, Yvo H.A.M.
AU - Vos, Rimke C.
AU - Bots, Michiel L.
AU - Kooi, M. Eline
AU - Dagnelie, Pieter C.
AU - Eussen, Simone J.P.M.
AU - Schram, Miranda T.
AU - Koster, Annemarie
AU - Brouwers, Martijn C.G.
AU - van der Sangen, Niels M.R.
AU - Peters, Sanne A.E.
AU - van der Kallen, Carla J.H.
AU - Stehouwer, Coen D.A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/5
Y1 - 2023/5
N2 - Aims/hypothesis: Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, body composition differs between women and men. In this study we investigate the association between diabetes status and body composition and whether this association is moderated by sex. Methods: In a population-based cohort study (n=7639; age 40–75 years, 50% women, 25% type 2 diabetes), we estimated the sex-specific associations, and differences therein, of prediabetes (i.e. impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) and type 2 diabetes (reference: normal glucose metabolism [NGM]) with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)- and MRI-derived measures of body composition and with hip circumference. Sex differences were analysed using adjusted regression models with interaction terms of sex-by-diabetes status. Results: Compared with their NGM counterparts, both women and men with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had more fat and lean mass and a greater hip circumference. The differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue, hip circumference and total and peripheral lean mass between type 2 diabetes and NGM were greater in women than men (women minus men [W–M] mean difference [95% CI]: 15.0 cm2 [1.5, 28.5], 3.2 cm [2.2, 4.1], 690 g [8, 1372] and 443 g [142, 744], respectively). The difference in visceral adipose tissue between type 2 diabetes and NGM was greater in men than women (W–M mean difference [95% CI]: −14.8 cm2 [−26.4, −3.1]). There was no sex difference in the percentage of liver fat between type 2 diabetes and NGM. The differences in measures of body composition between prediabetes and NGM were generally in the same direction, but were not significantly different between women and men. Conclusions/interpretation: This study indicates that there are sex differences in body composition associated with type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiological significance of these sex-associated differences requires further study. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AB - Aims/hypothesis: Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, body composition differs between women and men. In this study we investigate the association between diabetes status and body composition and whether this association is moderated by sex. Methods: In a population-based cohort study (n=7639; age 40–75 years, 50% women, 25% type 2 diabetes), we estimated the sex-specific associations, and differences therein, of prediabetes (i.e. impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) and type 2 diabetes (reference: normal glucose metabolism [NGM]) with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)- and MRI-derived measures of body composition and with hip circumference. Sex differences were analysed using adjusted regression models with interaction terms of sex-by-diabetes status. Results: Compared with their NGM counterparts, both women and men with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had more fat and lean mass and a greater hip circumference. The differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue, hip circumference and total and peripheral lean mass between type 2 diabetes and NGM were greater in women than men (women minus men [W–M] mean difference [95% CI]: 15.0 cm2 [1.5, 28.5], 3.2 cm [2.2, 4.1], 690 g [8, 1372] and 443 g [142, 744], respectively). The difference in visceral adipose tissue between type 2 diabetes and NGM was greater in men than women (W–M mean difference [95% CI]: −14.8 cm2 [−26.4, −3.1]). There was no sex difference in the percentage of liver fat between type 2 diabetes and NGM. The differences in measures of body composition between prediabetes and NGM were generally in the same direction, but were not significantly different between women and men. Conclusions/interpretation: This study indicates that there are sex differences in body composition associated with type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiological significance of these sex-associated differences requires further study. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
KW - Body composition
KW - DEXA
KW - Fat mass
KW - Lean mass
KW - Liver fat
KW - MRI
KW - Prediabetes
KW - Sex differences
KW - Type 2 diabetes
KW - Women
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85148452289
U2 - 10.1007/s00125-023-05880-0
DO - 10.1007/s00125-023-05880-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 36805778
AN - SCOPUS:85148452289
SN - 0012-186X
VL - 66
SP - 861
EP - 872
JO - Diabetologia
JF - Diabetologia
IS - 5
M1 - doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05880-0
ER -