SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses one year after COVID-19 and the booster effect of vaccination: A prospective cohort study

Willem A Mak; Johannes G M Koeleman; Marijke van der Vliet; Frans Keuren; David S Y Ong

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.003

SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses one year after COVID-19 and the booster effect of vaccination: A prospective cohort study

Willem A Mak
, Johannes G M Koeleman
, Marijke van der Vliet
, Frans Keuren
, David S Y Ong

Julius Center, dept. Epidemiology & Health Economics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: First, to describe SARS-CoV-2 T cell and antibody responses in a prospective cohort of healthcare workers that suffered from mild to moderate COVID-19 approximately one year ago. Second, to assess COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses in these prior-infected individuals.

METHODS: SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in blood were determined before COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2-S or ChAdOx1-S, two weeks after first vaccination, and after second vaccination.

RESULTS: 55 prior SARS-CoV-2 infected and seroconverted individuals were included. S1-specific T cell responses and anti-RBD IgG were detectable one year post SARS-CoV-2 infection: 24 spot-forming cells per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (SFCs/106 PBMCs) after S1 stimulation and anti-RBD IgG concentration of 74 (IQR 36-158) IU/mL. Responses after the first and second vaccination were comparable with S1-specfic T cell responses of 198 (IQR 137-359) and 180 (IQR 103-347) SFCs/106 PBMCs, and IgG concentrations of 6792 (IQR 3386-15,180) and 6326 (IQR 2336-13,440) IU/mL, respectively. These responses retained up to four months after vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS: Both T cell and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 persist for up to one year after COVID-19. A second COVID-19 vaccination in prior-infected individuals did not further increase immune responses in comparison to one vaccination.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	171-178
Number of pages	8
Journal	The Journal of Infection
Volume	84
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.003
Publication status	Published - Feb 2022

Keywords

Antibody
COVID-19
Immunity
SARS-CoV-2
T cell
Vaccination

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10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.003

1-s2.0-S0163445321005934-mainFinal published version, 2.08 MBLicence: Taverne

Cite this

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title = "SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses one year after COVID-19 and the booster effect of vaccination: A prospective cohort study",

abstract = "OBJECTIVES: First, to describe SARS-CoV-2 T cell and antibody responses in a prospective cohort of healthcare workers that suffered from mild to moderate COVID-19 approximately one year ago. Second, to assess COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses in these prior-infected individuals.METHODS: SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in blood were determined before COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2-S or ChAdOx1-S, two weeks after first vaccination, and after second vaccination.RESULTS: 55 prior SARS-CoV-2 infected and seroconverted individuals were included. S1-specific T cell responses and anti-RBD IgG were detectable one year post SARS-CoV-2 infection: 24 spot-forming cells per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (SFCs/106 PBMCs) after S1 stimulation and anti-RBD IgG concentration of 74 (IQR 36-158) IU/mL. Responses after the first and second vaccination were comparable with S1-specfic T cell responses of 198 (IQR 137-359) and 180 (IQR 103-347) SFCs/106 PBMCs, and IgG concentrations of 6792 (IQR 3386-15,180) and 6326 (IQR 2336-13,440) IU/mL, respectively. These responses retained up to four months after vaccination.CONCLUSIONS: Both T cell and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 persist for up to one year after COVID-19. A second COVID-19 vaccination in prior-infected individuals did not further increase immune responses in comparison to one vaccination.",

keywords = "Antibody, COVID-19, Immunity, SARS-CoV-2, T cell, Vaccination",

author = "Mak, \{Willem A\} and Koeleman, \{Johannes G M\} and \{van der Vliet\}, Marijke and Frans Keuren and Ong, \{David S Y\}",

note = "Funding Information: Franciscus Gasthuis \& Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We would like to thank Marie-Joz{\'e} Rentmeester for her assistance in the logistic process during the study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The British Infection Association",

year = "2022",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.003",

language = "English",

volume = "84",

pages = "171--178",

journal = "The Journal of Infection",

issn = "0163-4453",

publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses one year after COVID-19 and the booster effect of vaccination

T2 - A prospective cohort study

AU - Mak, Willem A

AU - Koeleman, Johannes G M

AU - van der Vliet, Marijke

AU - Keuren, Frans

AU - Ong, David S Y

N1 - Funding Information: Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We would like to thank Marie-Jozé Rentmeester for her assistance in the logistic process during the study. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The British Infection Association

PY - 2022/2

Y1 - 2022/2

N2 - OBJECTIVES: First, to describe SARS-CoV-2 T cell and antibody responses in a prospective cohort of healthcare workers that suffered from mild to moderate COVID-19 approximately one year ago. Second, to assess COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses in these prior-infected individuals.METHODS: SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in blood were determined before COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2-S or ChAdOx1-S, two weeks after first vaccination, and after second vaccination.RESULTS: 55 prior SARS-CoV-2 infected and seroconverted individuals were included. S1-specific T cell responses and anti-RBD IgG were detectable one year post SARS-CoV-2 infection: 24 spot-forming cells per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (SFCs/106 PBMCs) after S1 stimulation and anti-RBD IgG concentration of 74 (IQR 36-158) IU/mL. Responses after the first and second vaccination were comparable with S1-specfic T cell responses of 198 (IQR 137-359) and 180 (IQR 103-347) SFCs/106 PBMCs, and IgG concentrations of 6792 (IQR 3386-15,180) and 6326 (IQR 2336-13,440) IU/mL, respectively. These responses retained up to four months after vaccination.CONCLUSIONS: Both T cell and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 persist for up to one year after COVID-19. A second COVID-19 vaccination in prior-infected individuals did not further increase immune responses in comparison to one vaccination.

AB - OBJECTIVES: First, to describe SARS-CoV-2 T cell and antibody responses in a prospective cohort of healthcare workers that suffered from mild to moderate COVID-19 approximately one year ago. Second, to assess COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses in these prior-infected individuals.METHODS: SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in blood were determined before COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2-S or ChAdOx1-S, two weeks after first vaccination, and after second vaccination.RESULTS: 55 prior SARS-CoV-2 infected and seroconverted individuals were included. S1-specific T cell responses and anti-RBD IgG were detectable one year post SARS-CoV-2 infection: 24 spot-forming cells per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (SFCs/106 PBMCs) after S1 stimulation and anti-RBD IgG concentration of 74 (IQR 36-158) IU/mL. Responses after the first and second vaccination were comparable with S1-specfic T cell responses of 198 (IQR 137-359) and 180 (IQR 103-347) SFCs/106 PBMCs, and IgG concentrations of 6792 (IQR 3386-15,180) and 6326 (IQR 2336-13,440) IU/mL, respectively. These responses retained up to four months after vaccination.CONCLUSIONS: Both T cell and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 persist for up to one year after COVID-19. A second COVID-19 vaccination in prior-infected individuals did not further increase immune responses in comparison to one vaccination.

KW - Antibody

KW - COVID-19

KW - Immunity

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - T cell

KW - Vaccination

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85121359920

U2 - 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.003

DO - 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.003

M3 - Article

C2 - 34896516

SN - 0163-4453

VL - 84

SP - 171

EP - 178

JO - The Journal of Infection

JF - The Journal of Infection

IS - 2

ER -

SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses one year after COVID-19 and the booster effect of vaccination: A prospective cohort study

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Keywords

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