@article{dcb88b025e4f46529b1dac9046e305c2,
title = "Refractory neutrophils and monocytes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after repeated bouts of prolonged exercise",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: Neutrophils and monocytes are key immune effector cells in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is associated with chronic inflammation in the gut. Patients with stable IBD who perform exercise have significantly fewer flare-ups of the disease, but no underlying mechanism has been identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the responsiveness/refractoriness of these innate immune cells after repeated bouts of prolonged exercise in IBD patients and controls.METHODS: Patients with IBD and age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited from a cohort of walkers participating in a 4-day walking event. Blood analysis was performed at baseline and after 3 days of walking. Responsiveness to the bacterial/mitochondrial-stimulus N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF) was tested in granulocytes and monocytes by measuring the expression of activation markers after adding this stimulus to whole blood.RESULTS: In total 38 participants (54 ± 12 years) were included in this study: 19 walkers with and 19 walkers without IBD. After 3 days of prolonged exercise, a significant increase in responsiveness to fMLF was observed in all participants irrespective of disease. However, IBD patients showed significantly less responsiveness in neutrophils and monocytes, compared with non-IBD walkers.CONCLUSIONS: Increased responsiveness of neutrophils and monocyte to fMLF was demonstrated after repetitive bouts of prolonged exercise. Interestingly, this exercise was associated with relative refractoriness of both neutrophils and monocytes in IBD patients. These refractory cells might create a lower inflammatory state in the intestine providing a putative mechanism for the decrease in flare-ups in IBD patients after repeated exercise.",
keywords = "exercise, flare-ups, inflammatory bowel disease, monocyte, neutrophil",
author = "Roy Spijkerman and Lillian Hesselink and Carlo Bertinetto and Bongers, {Coen C W G} and Falco Hietbrink and Nienke Vrisekoop and Leenen, {Luke P H} and Hopman, {Maria T E} and Jansen, {Jeroen J} and Leo Koenderman",
note = "Funding Information: For technical support, we want to thank Paul van Hoof, Roelof-Jan van der Lei, Geert Weijers, Andreas Boehmler and Markus Kaymer from the Beckman Coulter team. We also want to thank the whole team of the Nijmegen Exercise Study for their help with blood drawing and collection of the questionnaire data. We want to thank Tjarda Tromp, for coordinating the blood drawing procedures. The AQUIOS CL{\textregistered} “load & go” flow cytometer is provided by the company Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Miami, FL, USA. All authors declare that there are no other competing interests. This article was supported by a grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) in the framework of the “Startimpulse Measurement & Detection of healthy behavior” Dutch National Research Agenda. Funding Information: For technical support, we want to thank Paul van Hoof, Roelof‐Jan van der Lei, Geert Weijers, Andreas Boehmler and Markus Kaymer from the Beckman Coulter team. We also want to thank the whole team of the Nijmegen Exercise Study for their help with blood drawing and collection of the questionnaire data. We want to thank Tjarda Tromp, for coordinating the blood drawing procedures. The AQUIOS CL{\textregistered} “load & go” flow cytometer is provided by the company Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Miami, FL, USA. All authors declare that there are no other competing interests. This article was supported by a grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) in the framework of the “Startimpulse Measurement & Detection of healthy behavior” Dutch National Research Agenda. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society.",
year = "2021",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1002/cyto.b.21996",
language = "English",
volume = "100",
pages = "676--682",
journal = "Cytometry. Part B, Clinical Cytometry.",
issn = "1552-4949",
publisher = "Wiley-Liss Inc.",
number = "6",
}