Psychopharmacology for children: From off label use to registration

Pharmacological treatment of children and adolescents is Largely based on evidence from adults' studies. There is, however, growing awareness that this evidence cannot simply be extrapolated to children. The Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB) in collaboration with the Child and Adolescent section of the Dutch Association of Psychiatry and the National Expertise Centre Child and Adolescent Psychiatry have organised a workshop to discuss the kind of evidence that would be necessary and the methods involved. There was consensus about the need to demonstrate efficacy in targeted disorders as well as symptoms within specific disorders and about the need for separate evidence for children and for adolescents. In addition, too little is known about safety, especially long-term safety, as consequences of treatment. Main issues are effects on growth, cognitive, motor, emotional, and sexual development, metabolic symptoms, cardiotoxicity, and dependence. Specific methodological issues were discussed, such as the role of different informants and the high rate of comorbidity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.