TY - JOUR
T1 - Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses in Extra-Respiratory Tissues during Severe Influenza
AU - Short, Kirsty R.
AU - Veeris, Rebecca
AU - Leijten, Lonneke M.
AU - van den Brand, Judith M A
AU - Jong, Victor L.
AU - Stittelaar, Koert
AU - Osterhaus, Ab D.M.E.
AU - Andeweg, Arno C
AU - Van Riel, Debby
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support. This work was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) CJ Martin postdoctoral fellowship to K. R. S. (1054081) and by a fellowship from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (contract 91614115) and a fellowship from the Erasmus University Medical Center Foundation to D. v. R. This work was further supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development project ANTIcipating the Global Onset of Novel Epidemics (ANTIGONE; contract 278976).
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: [email protected].
PY - 2017/11/1
Y1 - 2017/11/1
N2 - Severe influenza is often associated with disease manifestations outside the respiratory tract. While proinflammatory cytokines can be detected in the lungs and blood of infected patients, the role of extra-respiratory organs in the production of proinflammatory cytokines is unknown. Here, we show that both 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A (H1N1) virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus induce expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in the respiratory tract and central nervous system. In addition, H5N1 virus induced cytokines in the heart, pancreas, spleen, liver, and jejunum. Together, these data suggest that extra-respiratory tissues contribute to systemic cytokine responses, which may increase the severity of influenza.
AB - Severe influenza is often associated with disease manifestations outside the respiratory tract. While proinflammatory cytokines can be detected in the lungs and blood of infected patients, the role of extra-respiratory organs in the production of proinflammatory cytokines is unknown. Here, we show that both 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A (H1N1) virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus induce expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in the respiratory tract and central nervous system. In addition, H5N1 virus induced cytokines in the heart, pancreas, spleen, liver, and jejunum. Together, these data suggest that extra-respiratory tissues contribute to systemic cytokine responses, which may increase the severity of influenza.
KW - cytokine storm
KW - cytokines
KW - extra-respiratory responses
KW - H1N1
KW - H5N1
KW - influenza
KW - pathogenesis
KW - systemic disease
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034996328&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/infdis/jix281
DO - 10.1093/infdis/jix281
M3 - Article
C2 - 28973159
AN - SCOPUS:85034996328
SN - 0022-1899
VL - 216
SP - 829
EP - 833
JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases
IS - 7
ER -