TY - JOUR
T1 - Proinflammatory bacterial peptidoglycan as a cofactor for the development of central nervous system autoimmune disease
AU - Visser, Lizette
AU - De Heer, Hendrik Jan
AU - Boven, Leonie A.
AU - Van Riel, Debby
AU - Van Meurs, Marjan
AU - Melief, Marie José
AU - Zähringer, Ulrich
AU - Van Strijp, Jos
AU - Lambrecht, Bart N.
AU - Nieuwenhuis, Edward E.
AU - Laman, Jon D.
PY - 2005/1/15
Y1 - 2005/1/15
N2 - Upon stimulation by microbial products through TLR, dendritic cells (DC) acquire the capacity to prime naive T cells and to initiate a proinflammatory immune response. Recently, we have shown that APC within the CNS of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients contain peptidoglycan (PGN), a major cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, which signals through TLR and NOD. In this stady, we report that Staphylococcus aureus PGN as a single component can support the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, an animal model for MS. Mice immunized with an encephalitogenic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide in IFA did not develop EAE. In contrast, addition of PGN to the emulsion was sufficient for priming of autoreactive Th1 cells and development of EAE. In vitro studies demonstrate that PGN stimulates DC-mediated processes, reflected by increased Ag uptake, DC maturation, Th1 cell expansion, activation, and proinflammatory cytokine production. These data indicate that PGN-mediated interactions result in proinflammatory stimulation of Ag-specific effector functions, which are important in the development of EAE. These PGN-mediated processes may occur both within the peripheral lymph nodes as well as in the CNS and likely involve recognition by TLR on DC. Thus, PGN may provide a physiological trigger of DC maturation, and in this way disrupt the normal tolerance to self Ag. As such, PGN signaling pathways may serve as novel targets for the treatment of MS.
AB - Upon stimulation by microbial products through TLR, dendritic cells (DC) acquire the capacity to prime naive T cells and to initiate a proinflammatory immune response. Recently, we have shown that APC within the CNS of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients contain peptidoglycan (PGN), a major cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, which signals through TLR and NOD. In this stady, we report that Staphylococcus aureus PGN as a single component can support the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, an animal model for MS. Mice immunized with an encephalitogenic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide in IFA did not develop EAE. In contrast, addition of PGN to the emulsion was sufficient for priming of autoreactive Th1 cells and development of EAE. In vitro studies demonstrate that PGN stimulates DC-mediated processes, reflected by increased Ag uptake, DC maturation, Th1 cell expansion, activation, and proinflammatory cytokine production. These data indicate that PGN-mediated interactions result in proinflammatory stimulation of Ag-specific effector functions, which are important in the development of EAE. These PGN-mediated processes may occur both within the peripheral lymph nodes as well as in the CNS and likely involve recognition by TLR on DC. Thus, PGN may provide a physiological trigger of DC maturation, and in this way disrupt the normal tolerance to self Ag. As such, PGN signaling pathways may serve as novel targets for the treatment of MS.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=19944427519&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4049/jimmunol.174.2.808
DO - 10.4049/jimmunol.174.2.808
M3 - Article
C2 - 15634902
AN - SCOPUS:19944427519
SN - 0022-1767
VL - 174
SP - 808
EP - 816
JO - Journal of Immunology
JF - Journal of Immunology
IS - 2
ER -