TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of Food Sensitization and Food Allergy in Children across Europe
AU - Lyons, Sarah A
AU - Clausen, Michael
AU - Knulst, André C
AU - Ballmer-Weber, Barbara K
AU - Fernandez-Rivas, Montserrat
AU - Barreales, Laura
AU - Bieli, Christian
AU - Dubakiene, Ruta
AU - Fernandez-Perez, Cristina
AU - Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz, Monika
AU - Kowalski, Marek L
AU - Kralimarkova, Tanya
AU - Kummeling, Ischa
AU - Mustakov, Tihomir B
AU - Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G
AU - Popov, Todor A
AU - Xepapadaki, Paraskevi
AU - Welsing, Paco M J
AU - Potts, James
AU - Mills, E N Clare
AU - van Ree, Ronald
AU - Burney, Peter G J
AU - Le, Thuy-My
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by the European Union through EuroPrevall (grant no. FP6-FOOD-CT-2005-514000).Conflicts of interest: B. K. Ballmer-Weber reports personal fees from Thermo Fisher Scientific. M. Fernandez-Rivas reports grants and personal fees from Aimmune Therapeutics and Diater and personal fees from DBV, Allergy Therapeutics, HAL Allergy, Novartis, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and SPRIM. N. G. Papadopoulos reports personal fees from Novartis, Nutricia, HAL Allergy, Menarini/Faes Farma, Sanofi, Mylan/Meda, Biomay, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), MSD, ASIT Biotech, and Boehringer Ingelheim and grants from Gerolymatos International SA and Capricare. P. Xepapadaki reports personal fees from Nutricia, Nestle, Friesland, Uriach, Novartis Pharma AG, and GSK. E. N. C. Mills reports grants from and is shareholder in Reacta Biotech. R. van Ree reports personal fees from HAL Allergy BV, Citeq BV, Angany Inc., and Thermo Fisher Scientific. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest.
Funding Information:
This work was funded by the European Union through EuroPrevall (grant no. FP6-FOOD-CT-2005-514000 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Background: For adults, prevalence estimates of food sensitization (FS) and food allergy (FA) have been obtained in a standardized manner across Europe. For children, such estimates are lacking. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of self-reported FA, FS, probable FA (symptoms plus IgE sensitization), and challenge-confirmed FA in European school-age children. Methods: Data on self-reported FA were collected through a screening questionnaire sent to a random sample of the general population of 7- to 10-year-old children in 8 European centers in phase I of the EuroPrevall study. Data on FS and probable FA were obtained in phase II, comprising an extensive questionnaire on reactions to 24 commonly implicated foods, and serology testing. Food challenge was performed in phase III. Results: Prevalence (95% CI) of self-reported FA ranged from 6.5% (5.4-7.6) in Athens to 24.6% (22.8-26.5) in Lodz; prevalence of FS ranged from 11.0% (9.7-12.3) in Reykjavik to 28.7% (26.9-30.6) in Zurich; and prevalence of probable FA ranged from 1.9% (0.8-3.5) in Reykjavik to 5.6% (3.6-8.1) in Lodz. In all centers, most food-sensitized subjects had primary (non–cross-reactive) FS. However, FS due to birch pollen related cross-reactivity was also common in Central-Northern Europe. Probable FA to milk and egg occurred frequently throughout Europe; to fish and shrimp mainly in the Mediterranean and Reykjavik. Peach, kiwi, and peanut were prominent sources of plant FA in most countries, along with notably hazelnut, apple, carrot, and celery in Central-Northern Europe and lentils and walnut in the Mediterranean. Conclusions: There are large geograhical differences in the prevalence of FS and FA in school-age children across Europe. Both primary and cross-reactive FS and FA occur frequently.
AB - Background: For adults, prevalence estimates of food sensitization (FS) and food allergy (FA) have been obtained in a standardized manner across Europe. For children, such estimates are lacking. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of self-reported FA, FS, probable FA (symptoms plus IgE sensitization), and challenge-confirmed FA in European school-age children. Methods: Data on self-reported FA were collected through a screening questionnaire sent to a random sample of the general population of 7- to 10-year-old children in 8 European centers in phase I of the EuroPrevall study. Data on FS and probable FA were obtained in phase II, comprising an extensive questionnaire on reactions to 24 commonly implicated foods, and serology testing. Food challenge was performed in phase III. Results: Prevalence (95% CI) of self-reported FA ranged from 6.5% (5.4-7.6) in Athens to 24.6% (22.8-26.5) in Lodz; prevalence of FS ranged from 11.0% (9.7-12.3) in Reykjavik to 28.7% (26.9-30.6) in Zurich; and prevalence of probable FA ranged from 1.9% (0.8-3.5) in Reykjavik to 5.6% (3.6-8.1) in Lodz. In all centers, most food-sensitized subjects had primary (non–cross-reactive) FS. However, FS due to birch pollen related cross-reactivity was also common in Central-Northern Europe. Probable FA to milk and egg occurred frequently throughout Europe; to fish and shrimp mainly in the Mediterranean and Reykjavik. Peach, kiwi, and peanut were prominent sources of plant FA in most countries, along with notably hazelnut, apple, carrot, and celery in Central-Northern Europe and lentils and walnut in the Mediterranean. Conclusions: There are large geograhical differences in the prevalence of FS and FA in school-age children across Europe. Both primary and cross-reactive FS and FA occur frequently.
KW - Causative foods
KW - Children
KW - Cross-reactivity
KW - Europe
KW - Food allergy
KW - Food sensitization
KW - Prevalence
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85086161008&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.020
DO - 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.020
M3 - Article
C2 - 32330668
VL - 8
SP - 2736-2746.e9
JO - The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice
JF - The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice
IS - 8
ER -