Prescription Patterns in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK): A European Survey

  • Yexin Ye
  • , Fabio de Rooij
  • , Nicolas Alejandre
  • , Frank J H M van den Biggelaar
  • , Tristan Bourcier
  • , Béatrice Cochener-Lamard
  • , Francisco C Figueiredo
  • , David J Galarreta
  • , Jesper Ø Hjortdal
  • , Gary L A Jones
  • , Naomi Nathan
  • , Rudy M M A Nuijts
  • , Vito Romano
  • , Andreia M Rosa
  • , Berthold Seitz
  • , Marie-José Tassignon
  • , Katrin Wacker
  • , Mor M Dickman*
  • *Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

PURPOSE: To assess current prescription patterns in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) in Europe.

SETTING: Countries affiliated with the European Cornea and Cell Transplantation Registry (ECCTR) and the European Vision Institute Clinical Research Network (EVICR.net).

DESIGN: Cross-sectional study (European survey).

METHODS: An electronic survey was distributed to 16 national societies to gather data on prescription patterns for DMEK. Responses were categorized by three clinical goals: prevention of postoperative endophthalmitis, graft rejection, and pupillary block and glaucoma.

RESULTS: Responses from 136 surgeons revealed that medication protocols mainly came from departmental protocols (54%) or personal experiences (48%) rather than national guidelines (22%) (multiple answers were allowed). Infection prevention primarily relied on intraoperative (72%) and postoperative (92%) antibiotics, with preoperative use less common (18%). Steroids were the mainstay for rejection prevention, used intraoperatively (59%), postoperatively (100%), and occasionally preoperatively (13%). Steroids were typically tapered to once daily after six months (46%) and discontinued after varying durations (65%). Dexamethasone was the preferred steroid. For high-risk DMEK, the most common approach was adding another topical (30%) or systemic immunosuppressive drug (24%), such as cyclosporine or mycophenolate. For graft rejection, most respondents increased topical steroid frequency (85%) or added (peri)bulbar steroid injections (42%). Pupillary block and glaucoma prophylaxis mainly involved intraoperative mydriatics (34%); intraocular pressure-lowering agents were rarely used (0.7-2.2%). For steroid-induced ocular hypertension, the common approach was switching to a lower-potency steroid (40%) or reducing steroid frequency (43%).

CONCLUSIONS: Current prescription patterns in routine and high-risk DMEK vary significantly, reflecting the lack of standardized guidelines.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)941-947
JournalJournal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Volume51
Issue number11
Early online date20 Jun 2025
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Nov 2025

Keywords

  • Cornea
  • DMEK
  • Endothelial keratoplasty
  • Graft Rejection
  • Steroids

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