Preoperative frailty and outcome in patients undergoing radical cystectomy

Ellen van der Vlies, Maartje Los, Pascal E F Stijns, Marike van Hengel, Nynke M S Blaauw, Willem Jan W Bos, Eric P A van Dongen, Harm H E van Melick, Peter G Noordzij*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Objective: To determine the value of preoperative frailty screening in predicting postoperative severe complications and 1-year mortality in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Patients and Methods: Prospective cohort single-centre study in patients undergoing RC from September 2016 to December 2017. Preoperative frailty screening was implemented as standard care and was used to guide shared decision-making during multidisciplinary team meetings. Frailty screening consisted of validated tools to assess physical, mental and social frailty. Patients were considered frail when having two or more frailty characteristics. The primary endpoint was the composite of a severe complication (Clavien–Dindo Grade III–V) within 30 days and 1-year all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoints included any complication (Clavien–Dindo II–V), length of stay, readmission within 30 days, and all-cause mortality. Logistic regression analysis and the concordance statistic (c-statistic) were used to describe the association and predictive value of preoperative frailty screening. Results: A total of 63 patients were included; 39 (61.9%) were considered frail. Preoperative frailty was associated with a seven-fold increased risk of a severe complication or death 1 year after RC [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 7.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–31.8; 22 patients]. Compared to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score and Charlson Comorbidity Index, frailty showed the best model performance (Nagelkerke R2 0.20) and discriminative ability(c-statistic 0.72, P < 0.01) for the primary endpoint. After adding frailty to the conventional ASA risk score, the c-statistic improved by 11% (P < 0.01). Overall survival was significantly worse in frail patients (23.2 months, 95% CI 18.7–30.1) vs non-frail patients (32.9 months, 95% CI 30.0–35.9; P = 0.01). Conclusions: Frail patients undergoing RC are at high risk of postoperative adverse outcomes including death. Preoperative frailty screening improves preoperative risk stratification and may be used to guide patient selection for RC.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)388-395
Number of pages8
JournalBJU International
Volume126
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sept 2020
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Aged
  • Cystectomy
  • Female
  • Frailty/complications
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Postoperative Complications/epidemiology
  • Prognosis
  • Prospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications

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