Outcomes of surgical management of familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1 and bile salt export protein deficiencies

Laura N Bull, Ludmila Pawlikowska, Sandra Strautnieks, Irena Jankowska, Piotr Czubkowski, Jennifer L Dodge, Karan Emerick, Catherine Wanty, Sami Wali, Samra Blanchard, Florence Lacaille, Jane A Byrne, Albertien M van Eerde, Kaija-Leena Kolho, Roderick Houwen, Steven Lobritto, Vera Hupertz, Patricia McClean, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Etienne SokalPhilip Rosenthal, Peter F Whitington, Joanna Pawlowska, Richard J Thompson

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) with normal circulating gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels can result from mutations in the ATP8B1 gene (encoding familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1 [FIC1] deficiency) or the ABCB11 gene (bile salt export protein [BSEP] deficiency). We investigated the outcomes of partial external biliary diversion, ileal exclusion, and liver transplantation in these two conditions. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study of 42 patients with FIC1 deficiency (FIC1 patients) and 60 patients with BSEP deficiency (BSEP patients) who had undergone one or more surgical procedures (57 diversions, 6 exclusions, and 57 transplants). For surgeries performed prior to transplantation, BSEP patients were divided into two groups, BSEP-common (bearing common missense mutations D482G or E297G, with likely residual function) and BSEP-other. We evaluated clinical and biochemical outcomes in these patients. Overall, diversion improved biochemical parameters, pruritus, and growth, with substantial variation in individual response. BSEP-common or FIC1 patients survived longer after diversion without developing cirrhosis, being listed for or undergoing liver transplantation, or dying, compared to BSEP-other patients. Transplantation resolved cholestasis in all groups. However, FIC1 patients commonly developed hepatic steatosis, diarrhea, and/or pancreatic disease after transplant accompanied by biochemical abnormalities and often had continued poor growth. In BSEP patients with impaired growth, this generally improved after transplantation. Conclusion: Diversion can improve clinical and biochemical status in FIC1 and BSEP deficiencies, but outcomes differ depending on genetic etiology. For many patients, particularly BSEP-other, diversion is not a permanent solution and transplantation is required. Although transplantation resolves cholestasis in patients with FIC1 and BSEP deficiencies, the overall outcome remains unsatisfactory in many FIC1 patients; this is mainly due to extrahepatic manifestations. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:515-528).

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)515-528
Number of pages14
JournalHepatology communications
Volume2
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - May 2018

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