TY - JOUR
T1 - Obesity and adiposity of 3- to 6-year-old children born to mothers with hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy in an urban South African setting
AU - Soepnel, Larske M
AU - Nicolaou, Veronique
AU - Slater, Christine
AU - Chidumwa, Glory
AU - Levitt, Naomi S
AU - Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin
AU - Norris, Shane A
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported through SAN by the South African Medical Research Council. SAN is supported by the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. The authors thank CHBAH for access to hospital records, and the study participants and their mothers for attending the data collection appointment.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - BACKGROUND: Understanding the association between maternal metabolic conditions in pregnancy and the risk of childhood overweight, a growing concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), helps to identify opportunities for childhood obesity prevention.AIM: To assess the association between hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy (HFDP) (gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] and diabetes in pregnancy [DIP]) and child obesity and adiposity in pre-school-aged children in South Africa, independently of maternal BMI.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Measurement of anthropometry and fat mass index (FMI) by the deuterium dilution method was done for 102 3-6-year-old children born to mothers with HFDP and 102 HFDP-unexposed children. Hierarchical regression analysis and generalised structural equation modelling (GSEM) were performed.RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 10.5% and 11.1% in children exposed to GDM and DIP, respectively, and 3.9% in the HFDP-unexposed group. Log-transformed FMI was significantly higher in the DIP-exposed group (β = 0.166, 95% CI = 0.014-0.217 p= .026), but not when adjusting for maternal pregnancy BMI (β = 0.226, 95% CI = 0.003-0.015, p = .004). GSEM showed significant total effects of maternal BMI and birth weight on FMI/BMI.CONCLUSIONS: Maternal pregnancy BMI seems to play a greater role in the development of childhood adiposity than maternal hyperglycaemia, requiring further research and identifying maternal BMI as a relevant prevention target in our setting.
AB - BACKGROUND: Understanding the association between maternal metabolic conditions in pregnancy and the risk of childhood overweight, a growing concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), helps to identify opportunities for childhood obesity prevention.AIM: To assess the association between hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy (HFDP) (gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] and diabetes in pregnancy [DIP]) and child obesity and adiposity in pre-school-aged children in South Africa, independently of maternal BMI.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Measurement of anthropometry and fat mass index (FMI) by the deuterium dilution method was done for 102 3-6-year-old children born to mothers with HFDP and 102 HFDP-unexposed children. Hierarchical regression analysis and generalised structural equation modelling (GSEM) were performed.RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 10.5% and 11.1% in children exposed to GDM and DIP, respectively, and 3.9% in the HFDP-unexposed group. Log-transformed FMI was significantly higher in the DIP-exposed group (β = 0.166, 95% CI = 0.014-0.217 p= .026), but not when adjusting for maternal pregnancy BMI (β = 0.226, 95% CI = 0.003-0.015, p = .004). GSEM showed significant total effects of maternal BMI and birth weight on FMI/BMI.CONCLUSIONS: Maternal pregnancy BMI seems to play a greater role in the development of childhood adiposity than maternal hyperglycaemia, requiring further research and identifying maternal BMI as a relevant prevention target in our setting.
KW - childhood adiposity
KW - childhood obesity
KW - Gestational hyperglycaemia
KW - maternal BMI
KW - South Africa
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105530731&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/03014460.2021.1918245
DO - 10.1080/03014460.2021.1918245
M3 - Article
C2 - 33955800
SN - 0301-4460
VL - 48
SP - 81
EP - 92
JO - Annals of Human Biology
JF - Annals of Human Biology
IS - 2
ER -