@article{e939cfb9e44947e38d69177225678241,
title = "Non-invasive monitoring of in vitro gastric milk protein digestion kinetics by 1H NMR magnetization transfer",
abstract = "Processing of milk involves heating, which can modify the structure and digestibility of its proteins. In vitro models are useful for studying protein digestion. However, validating these models with in vivo data is challenging. Here, we non-invasively monitor in vitro gastric milk protein digestion by protein-water chemical exchange detected by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetization transfer (MT). We obtained either a fitted composite exchange rate (CER) with a relative standard error of ≤10% or the MT ratio (MTR) of the intensity without or with an off-resonance saturation pulse, from just a single spectral acquisition. Both CER and MTR, affected by the variation in the amount of semi-solid protons, decreased during in vitro gastric digestion in agreement with standard protein content analyses. The decrease was slower in heated milk, indicating slower breakdown of the coagulum. Our results open the way to future quantification of protein digestion in vivo by MRI.",
keywords = "1H NMR, Casein coagulation, Magnetization transfer, Protein digestion, Skim milk, Two-pool exchange",
author = "Morwarid Mayar and Miltenburg, {Julie L} and Kasper Hettinga and Smeets, {Paul A M} and {van Duynhoven}, {John P M} and Camilla Terenzi",
note = "Funding Information: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: John van Duynhoven reports financial support was provided by Unilever Food Innovation Centre. Morwarid Mayar reports financial support was provided by TKI agri&food. Julie Miltenburg reports financial support was provided by TKI agri&food. John van Duynhoven reports a relationship with Unilever Food Innovation Centre that includes: employment. Funding Information: Gert-Jan Goudappel is gratefully acknowledged for providing the MT-NMR pulse sequence and for his help with setting up the measurements. We thank Dirk Wevers for his contribution to optimizing the MT acquisition parameters. Ewoud van Velzen is gratefully acknowledged for his expert advice on modelling and bootstrapping. Camilla Terenzi acknowledges funding from the 4TU Precision Medicine program supported by High Tech for a Sustainable Future, a framework commisioned by the four Universities of Technology of the Netherlands. We also acknowledge the support of NWO for the MAGNEFY centre, which is part of the uNMR-NL national facility. This research is part of a public-private partnership project that is financially supported by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs; TKI-AF grant no. AF-18012 (Digestion & immunogenicity of proteins in infant nutrition). Funding Information: Gert-Jan Goudappel is gratefully acknowledged for providing the MT-NMR pulse sequence and for his help with setting up the measurements. We thank Dirk Wevers for his contribution to optimizing the MT acquisition parameters. Ewoud van Velzen is gratefully acknowledged for his expert advice on modelling and bootstrapping. Camilla Terenzi acknowledges funding from the 4TU Precision Medicine program supported by High Tech for a Sustainable Future, a framework commisioned by the four Universities of Technology of the Netherlands. We also acknowledge the support of NWO for the MAGNEFY centre, which is part of the uNMR-NL national facility. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s)",
year = "2022",
month = jul,
day = "30",
doi = "10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132545",
language = "English",
volume = "383",
pages = "1--10",
journal = "Food chemistry",
issn = "0308-8146",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
}