@article{009189e1111d426085b64385df953fab,
title = "Multivariate Genetic Structure of Externalizing Behavior and Structural Brain Development in a Longitudinal Adolescent Twin Sample",
abstract = "Externalizing behavior in its more extreme form is often considered a problem to the individual, their families, teachers, and society as a whole. Several brain structures have been linked to externalizing behavior and such associations may arise if the (co)development of externalizing behavior and brain structures share the same genetic and/or environmental factor(s). We assessed externalizing behavior with the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report, and the brain volumes and white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) with magnetic resonance imaging in the BrainSCALE cohort, which consisted of twins and their older siblings from 112 families measured longitudinally at ages 10, 13, and 18 years for the twins. Genetic covariance modeling based on the classical twin design, extended to also include siblings of twins, showed that genes influence externalizing behavior and changes therein (h2 up to 88%). More pronounced externalizing behavior was associated with higher FA (observed correlation rph up to +0.20) and lower MD (rph up to -0.20), with sizeable genetic correlations (FA ra up to +0.42; MD ra up to -0.33). The cortical gray matter (CGM; rph up to -0.20) and cerebral white matter (CWM; rph up to +0.20) volume were phenotypically but not genetically associated with externalizing behavior. These results suggest a potential mediating role for global brain structures in the display of externalizing behavior during adolescence that are both partially explained by the influence of the same genetic factor.",
keywords = "Adolescence, Externalizing behavior, Genetic correlation, Gray matter volume, Heritability, Longitudinal, Magnetic resonance imaging, White matter integrity",
author = "Jalmar Teeuw and Marieke Klein and Mota, {Nina Roth} and Brouwer, {Rachel M} and {van 't Ent}, Dennis and Zyneb Al-Hassaan and Barbara Franke and Boomsma, {Dorret I} and {Hulshoff Pol}, {Hilleke E}",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: This research was supported by funding from the Dutch National Science Agenda Neu‐ rolabNL project (grant number 400‐17‐602); the Consortium on Individual Development (CID) that is funded by the Gravitation program of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO grant number 024.001.003) and the Dutch Research Council Rubicon fellowship (grant number 45219212). We acknowledge the Neth‐ erlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO 51.02.061, NWO 51.02.062, NWO‐NIHC Pro‐ grams of excellence 433‐09‐220, NWO‐MagW 480‐04‐004, and NWO/SPI 56‐464‐14192), the Euro‐ pean Research Council (ERC‐230374), FP7/2007–2013—ACTION (Aggression in Children: Unravel‐ ing gene–environment interplay to inform Treatment and InterventiON strategies) Grant number 602768; Utrecht University (High Potential Grant), and the Netherlands Twin Registry Repository that is funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO 480‐15‐001/674). Funding Information: This research was supported by funding from the Dutch National Science Agenda Neu- rolabNL project (grant number 400-17-602); the Consortium on Individual Development (CID) that is funded by the Gravitation program of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO grant number 024.001.003) and the Dutch Research Council Rubicon fellowship (grant number 45219212). We acknowledge the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO 51.02.061, NWO 51.02.062, NWO-NIHC Pro- grams of excellence 433-09-220, NWO-MagW 480-04-004, and NWO/SPI 56-464-14192), the European Research Council (ERC-230374), FP7/2007?2013?ACTION (Aggression in Children: Unraveling gene?environment interplay to inform Treatment and InterventiON strategies) Grant number 602768; Utrecht University (High Potential Grant), and the Netherlands Twin Registry Repository that is funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO 480-15-001/674). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
day = "15",
doi = "10.3390/ijms23063176",
language = "English",
volume = "23",
journal = "International journal of molecular sciences",
issn = "1422-0067",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "6",
}