@article{4ae92254970a4357941610afb34f3f4f,
title = "Mechanisms of speed encoding in the human middle temporal cortex measured by 7T fMRI",
abstract = "Perception of dynamic scenes in our environment results from the evaluation of visual features such as the fundamental spatial and temporal frequency components of a moving object. The ratio between these two components represents the object's speed of motion. The human middle temporal cortex hMT+ has a crucial biological role in the direct encoding of object speed. However, the link between hMT+ speed encoding and the spatiotemporal frequency components of a moving object is still under explored. Here, we recorded high resolution 7T blood oxygen level-dependent BOLD responses to different visual motion stimuli as a function of their fundamental spatial and temporal frequency components. We fitted each hMT+ BOLD response with a 2D Gaussian model allowing for two different speed encoding mechanisms: (1) distinct and independent selectivity for the spatial and temporal frequencies of the visual motion stimuli; (2) pure tuning for the speed of motion. We show that both mechanisms occur but in different neuronal groups within hMT+, with the largest subregion of the complex showing separable tuning for the spatial and temporal frequency of the visual stimuli. Both mechanisms were highly reproducible within participants, reconciling single cell recordings from MT in animals that have showed both encoding mechanisms. Our findings confirm that a more complex process is involved in the perception of speed than initially thought and suggest that hMT+ plays a primary role in the evaluation of the spatial features of the moving visual input.",
keywords = "7T fMRI, gaussian modelling, hMT +, spatial frequency, speed encoding, visual motion",
author = "Anna Gaglianese and Alessio Fracasso and Fernandes, {Francisco G} and Ben Harvey and Dumoulin, {Serge O} and Natalia Petridou",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Vidi Grant number 13339 (Natalia Petridou) and by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01MH111417. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Alessio Fracasso is supported by a grant from the Biotechnology and Biology research council (BBSRC, grant number: BB/S006605/1) and the Funda{\c c}{\~a}o Bial, Funda{\c c}{\~a}o Bial Grants Programme 2020/21, A‐29315, number 203/2020, grant edition: G‐15516. Ben Harvey is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Vidi Grant number 452.17.012 to Ben Harvey. This work was also supported by Marie Curie program grant funded to Anna Gaglianese, grant number DLV‐894612. Funding Information: Bial foundation, Grant/Award Numbers: A‐29315, 203/2020, G‐15516; Biotechnology and Biology research council BBSRC, Grant/Award Number: BB/S006605/1; H2020 Marie Sk{\l}odowska‐Curie Actions, Grant/Award Number: 894612; National Institute of Mental Health, Grant/Award Number: R01MH111417; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Vidi Grant, Grant/Award Number: 452.17.012; Netherlands Organization for scientific research NWO VIDI grant, Grant/Award Number: 13339 Funding information Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.",
year = "2023",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/hbm.26193",
language = "English",
volume = "44",
pages = "2050--2061",
journal = "Human Brain Mapping",
issn = "1065-9471",
publisher = "Wiley-Liss Inc.",
number = "5",
}