TY - JOUR
T1 - Maternal risk associated with the VACTERL association
T2 - A case-control study
AU - van de Putte, Romy
AU - de Walle, Hermien E K
AU - van Hooijdonk, Kirsten J M
AU - de Blaauw, Ivo
AU - Marcelis, Carlo L M
AU - van Heijst, Arno
AU - Giltay, Jacques C
AU - Renkema, Kirsten Y
AU - Broens, Paul M A
AU - Brosens, Erwin
AU - Sloots, Cornelius E J
AU - Bergman, Jorieke E H
AU - Roeleveld, Nel
AU - van Rooij, Iris A L M
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors. Birth Defects Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
PY - 2020/11
Y1 - 2020/11
N2 - BACKGROUND: The VACTERL association (VACTERL) includes at least three of these congenital anomalies: vertebral, anal, cardiac, trachea-esophageal, renal, and limb anomalies. Assisted reproductive techniques (ART), pregestational diabetes mellitus, and chronic lower obstructive pulmonary disorders (CLOPD) have been associated with VACTERL. We aimed to replicate these findings and were interested in additional maternal risk factors.METHODS: A case-control study using self-administered questionnaires was performed including 142 VACTERL cases and 2,135 population-based healthy controls. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate confounder adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).RESULTS: Parents who used invasive ART had an increased risk of VACTERL in offspring (aOR 4.4 [95%CI 2.1-8.8]), whereas the increased risk for mothers with CLOPD could not be replicated. None of the case mothers had pregestational diabetes mellitus. Primiparity (1.5 [1.1-2.1]) and maternal pregestational overweight and obesity (1.8 [1.2-2.8] and 1.8 [1.0-3.4]) were associated with VACTERL. Consistent folic acid supplement use during the advised periconceptional period may reduce the risk of VACTERL (0.5 [0.3-1.0]). Maternal smoking resulted in an almost twofold increased risk of VACTERL.CONCLUSION: We identified invasive ART, primiparity, pregestational overweight and obesity, lack of folic acid supplement use, and smoking as risk factors for VACTERL.
AB - BACKGROUND: The VACTERL association (VACTERL) includes at least three of these congenital anomalies: vertebral, anal, cardiac, trachea-esophageal, renal, and limb anomalies. Assisted reproductive techniques (ART), pregestational diabetes mellitus, and chronic lower obstructive pulmonary disorders (CLOPD) have been associated with VACTERL. We aimed to replicate these findings and were interested in additional maternal risk factors.METHODS: A case-control study using self-administered questionnaires was performed including 142 VACTERL cases and 2,135 population-based healthy controls. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate confounder adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).RESULTS: Parents who used invasive ART had an increased risk of VACTERL in offspring (aOR 4.4 [95%CI 2.1-8.8]), whereas the increased risk for mothers with CLOPD could not be replicated. None of the case mothers had pregestational diabetes mellitus. Primiparity (1.5 [1.1-2.1]) and maternal pregestational overweight and obesity (1.8 [1.2-2.8] and 1.8 [1.0-3.4]) were associated with VACTERL. Consistent folic acid supplement use during the advised periconceptional period may reduce the risk of VACTERL (0.5 [0.3-1.0]). Maternal smoking resulted in an almost twofold increased risk of VACTERL.CONCLUSION: We identified invasive ART, primiparity, pregestational overweight and obesity, lack of folic acid supplement use, and smoking as risk factors for VACTERL.
KW - assisted reproductive techniques
KW - folic acid supplement use
KW - overweight
KW - parity
KW - smoking
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85088401931&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/bdr2.1773
DO - 10.1002/bdr2.1773
M3 - Article
C2 - 33179873
VL - 112
SP - 1495
EP - 1504
JO - Birth Defects Research
JF - Birth Defects Research
IS - 18
ER -