TY - JOUR
T1 - Longitudinal invariance of psychotic experiences in children and adolescents
T2 - What do the data tell us?
AU - Barbosa, Matheus Ghossain
AU - Machado, Viviane
AU - Ziebold, Carolina
AU - Moriyama, Tais
AU - Bressan, Rodrigo A
AU - Pan, Pedro
AU - Rohde, Luis Augusto
AU - Miguel, Euripedes Constantino
AU - Fonseca, Lais
AU - Van Os, Jim
AU - Gadelha, Ary
N1 - Funding Information:
The research presented in this article was supported by the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, a science and technology institute funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development; grant numbers 573974/2008-0 and 465550/2014-2 ) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP grant number 2008/57896-8 and 2014/50917-0 ). MGB receives financial support from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) – Finance Code 001; CZ receives a Young Talent Research Scholarship by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) - grant number 88887.575201/2020-00 .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/5
Y1 - 2023/5
N2 - BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences are common in adults, adolescents, and children. While usually self-limited, they can indicate psychosis proneness when persistent. The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) measures lifetime psychotic experiences in three dimensions. The 20-item subscale addressing positive symptoms (CAPE-positive) is the most widely used. No study investigated its measurement invariance across timepoints during childhood and adolescence. This step is required to conduct reliable comparisons in longitudinal studies with different age groups.METHODS: We used data from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort, which enrolled 2511 individuals aged 6-12 years from public schools for the baseline evaluation. A 3-year follow-up assessment evaluated 1880 participants. Subjects were rated with the CAPE-positive and we performed, at each wave, a Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis testing Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis models identified in a previous systematic review, to assess longitudinal invariance.RESULTS: A three-factor solution was the best fitting model, comprising Persecutory Ideation, Bizarre Experiences and Perceptual Abnormalities. The longitudinal invariance analysis of the best-fit model was unsatisfactory, achieving only the metric level of invariance.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the CAPE-positive scale has good model fit indices for each evaluated time point individually (children and adolescents), but it is not invariant over time. Identifying which factors affect CAPE latent structure at different time points can improve our understanding of psychosis proneness and how to measure it.
AB - BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences are common in adults, adolescents, and children. While usually self-limited, they can indicate psychosis proneness when persistent. The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) measures lifetime psychotic experiences in three dimensions. The 20-item subscale addressing positive symptoms (CAPE-positive) is the most widely used. No study investigated its measurement invariance across timepoints during childhood and adolescence. This step is required to conduct reliable comparisons in longitudinal studies with different age groups.METHODS: We used data from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort, which enrolled 2511 individuals aged 6-12 years from public schools for the baseline evaluation. A 3-year follow-up assessment evaluated 1880 participants. Subjects were rated with the CAPE-positive and we performed, at each wave, a Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis testing Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis models identified in a previous systematic review, to assess longitudinal invariance.RESULTS: A three-factor solution was the best fitting model, comprising Persecutory Ideation, Bizarre Experiences and Perceptual Abnormalities. The longitudinal invariance analysis of the best-fit model was unsatisfactory, achieving only the metric level of invariance.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the CAPE-positive scale has good model fit indices for each evaluated time point individually (children and adolescents), but it is not invariant over time. Identifying which factors affect CAPE latent structure at different time points can improve our understanding of psychosis proneness and how to measure it.
KW - Child psychiatry
KW - Longitudinal studies
KW - Measurement invariance
KW - Neurodevelopment
KW - Psychometrics
KW - Psychosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150351698&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.003
DO - 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 36958268
SN - 0920-9964
VL - 255
SP - 33
EP - 40
JO - Schizophrenia Research
JF - Schizophrenia Research
ER -