TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in 15 European cohorts within the ESCAPE project
AU - Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic
AU - Stafoggia, Massimo
AU - Weinmayr, Gudrun
AU - Pedersen, Marie
AU - Galassi, Claudia
AU - Jørgensen, Jeanette T.
AU - Oudin, Anna
AU - Forsberg, Bertil
AU - Olsson, David
AU - Oftedal, Bente
AU - Aasvang, Gunn Marit
AU - Aamodt, Geir
AU - Pyko, Andrei
AU - Pershagen, Göran
AU - Korek, Michal
AU - de Faire, Ulf
AU - Pedersen, Nancy L.
AU - Östenson, Claes Göran
AU - Fratiglioni, Laura
AU - Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Peeters, Petra H.
AU - Bueno-De-Mesquita, Bas
AU - Plusquin, Michelle
AU - Key, Timothy J.
AU - Jaensch, Andrea
AU - Nagel, Gabriele
AU - Lang, Alois
AU - Wang, Meng
AU - Tsai, Ming Yi
AU - Fournier, Agnes
AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine
AU - Baglietto, Laura
AU - Grioni, Sara
AU - Marcon, Alessandro
AU - Krogh, Vittorio
AU - Ricceri, Fulvio
AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta
AU - Migliore, Enrica
AU - Tamayo-Uria, Ibon
AU - Amiano, Pilar
AU - Dorronsoro, Miren
AU - Vermeulen, Roel
AU - Sokhi, Ranjeet S.
AU - Keuken, Menno
AU - De Hoogh, Kees
AU - Beelen, Rob
AU - Vineis, Paolo
AU - Cesaroni, Giulia
AU - Brunekreef, Bert
AU - Hoek, Gerard
AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2011) as part of the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) (grant no. 211250) and Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts - Integrated Methodologies for Assessing Particulate Matter (TRANSPHORM) (grant no. 243406) projects. Z.J.A. holds a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF6935). G.W. and G.N. hold a grant from the German Cancer Aid (DKH ref. 111010). M. Pedersen holds a fellowship from the Danish Council for Independent Research (grant DFF-4004-00179). M. Plusquin was supported by a Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. Financial support and mortality data for European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-MORGEN and EPIC-Prospect were received by the Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sport (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), and Statistics Netherlands (Netherlands). The EPIC-E3N cohort is supported by the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), the European Community; the French League against Cancer (LNCC), Gustave Roussy, and the French National Institutes for Health and Medical Research (Inserm). The data collection for Oslo Health Study (HUBRO), Norway was conducted as part of the Oslo Health Study 2000–2001 in collaboration with the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. The study used data from the Cancer Registry of Norway. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the sole responsibility of the authors, and no endorsement by the Cancer Registry of Norway is intended nor should be inferred. The authors would like to thank J. Wickmann for his efforts to coordinate the Oslo group and to assure the quality of exposure assessment in the HUBRO cohort. EPIC-Oxford is supported by CRUK C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 and by MRC MR/M012190/1. For data sharing for EPIC-Oxford, please see https://www.ceu.ox.ac.uk/policies2.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/10/1
Y1 - 2017/10/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women. METHODS: In 15 cohorts from nine European countries, individual estimates of air pollution levels at the residence were estimated by standardized land-use regression models developed within the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) and Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts - Integrated Methodologies for Assessing Particulate Matter (TRANSPHORM) projects: particulate matter (PM) ≤2:5 μm, ≤10 μm, and 2:5–10 μm in diameter (PM2:5, PM10, and PMcoarse, respectively); PM2:5 absorbance; nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx); traffic intensity; and elemental composition of PM. We estimated cohort-specific associations between breast cancer and air pollutants using Cox regression models, adjusting for major lifestyle risk factors, and pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 74,750 postmenopausal women included in the study, 3,612 developed breast cancer during 991,353 person-years of follow-up. We found positive and statistically insignificant associations between breast cancer and PM2:5 {hazard ratio (HR) =1:08 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77, 1.51] per 5 μg/m3 }, PM10 [1.07 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.30) per 10 μg/m3 ], PMcoarse [1.20 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.49 per 5 μg/m3 ], and NO2 [1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.07 per 10 μg/m3 ], and a statistically significant association with NOx [1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 20 μg/m3, p =0:04]. CONCLUSIONS: We found suggestive evidence of an association between ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women.
AB - BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women. METHODS: In 15 cohorts from nine European countries, individual estimates of air pollution levels at the residence were estimated by standardized land-use regression models developed within the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) and Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts - Integrated Methodologies for Assessing Particulate Matter (TRANSPHORM) projects: particulate matter (PM) ≤2:5 μm, ≤10 μm, and 2:5–10 μm in diameter (PM2:5, PM10, and PMcoarse, respectively); PM2:5 absorbance; nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx); traffic intensity; and elemental composition of PM. We estimated cohort-specific associations between breast cancer and air pollutants using Cox regression models, adjusting for major lifestyle risk factors, and pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 74,750 postmenopausal women included in the study, 3,612 developed breast cancer during 991,353 person-years of follow-up. We found positive and statistically insignificant associations between breast cancer and PM2:5 {hazard ratio (HR) =1:08 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77, 1.51] per 5 μg/m3 }, PM10 [1.07 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.30) per 10 μg/m3 ], PMcoarse [1.20 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.49 per 5 μg/m3 ], and NO2 [1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.07 per 10 μg/m3 ], and a statistically significant association with NOx [1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 20 μg/m3, p =0:04]. CONCLUSIONS: We found suggestive evidence of an association between ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85032889270
U2 - 10.1289/EHP1742
DO - 10.1289/EHP1742
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85032889270
SN - 0091-6765
VL - 125
JO - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF - Environmental Health Perspectives
IS - 10
M1 - 107005
ER -