TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and bladder cancer incidence in a pooled European cohort
T2 - the ELAPSE project
AU - Chen, Jie
AU - Rodopoulou, Sophia
AU - Strak, Maciej
AU - de Hoogh, Kees
AU - Taj, Tahir
AU - Poulsen, Aslak Harbo
AU - Andersen, Zorana J
AU - Bellander, Tom
AU - Brandt, Jørgen
AU - Zitt, Emanuel
AU - Fecht, Daniela
AU - Forastiere, Francesco
AU - Gulliver, John
AU - Hertel, Ole
AU - Hoffmann, Barbara
AU - Hvidtfeldt, Ulla Arthur
AU - Verschuren, W M Monique
AU - Jørgensen, Jeanette T
AU - Katsouyanni, Klea
AU - Ketzel, Matthias
AU - Lager, Anton
AU - Leander, Karin
AU - Liu, Shuo
AU - Ljungman, Petter
AU - Severi, Gianluca
AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
AU - Magnusson, Patrik K E
AU - Nagel, Gabriele
AU - Pershagen, Göran
AU - Peters, Annette
AU - Rizzuto, Debora
AU - van der Schouw, Yvonne T
AU - Samoli, Evangelia
AU - Sørensen, Mette
AU - Stafoggia, Massimo
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Weinmayr, Gudrun
AU - Wolf, Kathrin
AU - Brunekreef, Bert
AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
AU - Hoek, Gerard
N1 - Funding Information:
The research described in this article was conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organisation jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Assistance Award No. R-82811201) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: The evidence linking ambient air pollution to bladder cancer is limited and mixed.METHODS: We assessed the associations of bladder cancer incidence with residential exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), warm season ozone (O3) and eight PM2.5 elemental components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) in a pooled cohort (N = 302,493). Exposures were primarily assessed based on 2010 measurements and back-extrapolated to the baseline years. We applied Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for individual- and area-level potential confounders.RESULTS: During an average of 18.2 years follow-up, 967 bladder cancer cases occurred. We observed a positive though statistically non-significant association between PM2.5 and bladder cancer incidence. Hazard Ratios (HR) were 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-1.27) per 5 µg/m3 for 2010 exposure and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.99-1.14) for baseline exposure. Effect estimates for NO2, BC and O3 were close to unity. A positive association was observed with PM2.5 zinc (HR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00-1.16 per 10 ng/m3).CONCLUSIONS: We found suggestive evidence of an association between long-term PM2.5 mass exposure and bladder cancer, strengthening the evidence from the few previous studies. The association with zinc in PM2.5 suggests the importance of industrial emissions.
AB - BACKGROUND: The evidence linking ambient air pollution to bladder cancer is limited and mixed.METHODS: We assessed the associations of bladder cancer incidence with residential exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), warm season ozone (O3) and eight PM2.5 elemental components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) in a pooled cohort (N = 302,493). Exposures were primarily assessed based on 2010 measurements and back-extrapolated to the baseline years. We applied Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for individual- and area-level potential confounders.RESULTS: During an average of 18.2 years follow-up, 967 bladder cancer cases occurred. We observed a positive though statistically non-significant association between PM2.5 and bladder cancer incidence. Hazard Ratios (HR) were 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-1.27) per 5 µg/m3 for 2010 exposure and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.99-1.14) for baseline exposure. Effect estimates for NO2, BC and O3 were close to unity. A positive association was observed with PM2.5 zinc (HR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00-1.16 per 10 ng/m3).CONCLUSIONS: We found suggestive evidence of an association between long-term PM2.5 mass exposure and bladder cancer, strengthening the evidence from the few previous studies. The association with zinc in PM2.5 suggests the importance of industrial emissions.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124885874&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41416-022-01735-4
DO - 10.1038/s41416-022-01735-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 35173304
SN - 0007-0920
VL - 126
SP - 1499
EP - 1507
JO - British Journal of Cancer
JF - British Journal of Cancer
IS - 10
ER -