Lifestyle factors and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study

Heinz Freisling; Vivian Viallon; Hannah Lennon; Vincenzo Bagnardi; Cristian Ricci; Adam S Butterworth; Michael Sweeting; David Muller; Isabelle Romieu; Pauline Bazelle; Marina Kvaskoff; Patrick Arveux; Gianluca Severi; Christina Bamia; Tilman Kühn; Rudolf Kaaks; Manuela Bergmann; Heiner Boeing; Anne Tjønneland; Anja Olsen; Kim Overvad; Christina C Dahm; Virginia Menéndez; Antonio Agudo; Maria-Jose Sánchez; Pilar Amiano; Carmen Santiuste; Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea; Tammy Y N Tong; Julie A Schmidt; Ioanna Tzoulaki; Konstantinos K Tsilidis; Heather Ward; Domenico Palli; Claudia Agnoli; Rosario Tumino; Fulvio Ricceri; Salvatore Panico; H Susan J Picavet; Marije Bakker; Evelyn Monninkhof; Peter Nilsson; Jonas Manjer; Olov Rolandsson; Elin Thysell; Elisabete Weiderpass; Mazda Jenab; Elio Riboli; Paolo Vineis; John Danesh; Nick J Wareham; Marc J Gunter; Pietro Ferrari

doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1474-7

Lifestyle factors and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study

Heinz Freisling, Vivian Viallon, Hannah Lennon, Vincenzo Bagnardi, Cristian Ricci, Adam S Butterworth, Michael Sweeting, David Muller, Isabelle Romieu, Pauline Bazelle, Marina Kvaskoff, Patrick Arveux, Gianluca Severi, Christina Bamia, Tilman Kühn, Rudolf Kaaks, Manuela Bergmann, Heiner Boeing, Anne Tjønneland, Anja OlsenKim Overvad, Christina C Dahm, Virginia Menéndez, Antonio Agudo, Maria-Jose Sánchez, Pilar Amiano, Carmen Santiuste, Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea, Tammy Y N Tong, Julie A Schmidt, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Konstantinos K Tsilidis, Heather Ward, Domenico Palli, Claudia Agnoli, Rosario Tumino, Fulvio Ricceri, Salvatore Panico, H Susan J Picavet, Marije Bakker, Evelyn Monninkhof, Peter Nilsson, Jonas Manjer, Olov Rolandsson, Elin Thysell, Elisabete Weiderpass, Mazda Jenab, Elio Riboli, Paolo Vineis, John Danesh, Nick J Wareham, Marc J Gunter, Pietro Ferrari

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although lifestyle factors have been studied in relation to individual non-communicable diseases (NCDs), their association with development of a subsequent NCD, defined as multimorbidity, has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between five lifestyle factors and incident multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases.

METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 291,778 participants (64% women) from seven European countries, mostly aged 43 to 58 years and free of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) at recruitment, were included. Incident multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases was defined as developing subsequently two diseases including first cancer at any site, CVD, and T2D in an individual. Multi-state modelling based on Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of developing cancer, CVD, or T2D, and subsequent transitions to multimorbidity, in relation to body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and their combination as a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score. Cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) were estimated to compute 10-year absolute risks for transitions from healthy to cancer at any site, CVD (both fatal and non-fatal), or T2D, and to subsequent multimorbidity after each of the three NCDs.

RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11 years, 1910 men and 1334 women developed multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. A higher HLI, reflecting healthy lifestyles, was strongly inversely associated with multimorbidity, with hazard ratios per 3-unit increment of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.81), 0.84 (0.79 to 0.90), and 0.82 (0.77 to 0.88) after cancer, CVD, and T2D, respectively. After T2D, the 10-year absolute risks of multimorbidity were 40% and 25% for men and women, respectively, with unhealthy lifestyle, and 30% and 18% for men and women with healthy lifestyles.

CONCLUSION: Pre-diagnostic healthy lifestyle behaviours were strongly inversely associated with the risk of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases, and with the prognosis of these diseases by reducing risk of multimorbidity.

Original language	English
Article number	5
Number of pages	11
Journal	BMC Medicine
Volume	18
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1474-7
Publication status	Published - 10 Jan 2020

Keywords

Cancer
Cancer and cardiometabolic multimorbidity
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes
Healthy lifestyle
Obesity
Prevention

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Freisling, H., Viallon, V., Lennon, H., Bagnardi, V., Ricci, C., Butterworth, A. S., Sweeting, M., Muller, D., Romieu, I., Bazelle, P., Kvaskoff, M., Arveux, P., Severi, G., Bamia, C., Kühn, T., Kaaks, R., Bergmann, M., Boeing, H., Tjønneland, A., ... Ferrari, P. (2020). Lifestyle factors and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study. BMC Medicine, 18(1), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1474-7

@article{48f5ea6c4bdd4056b041d16799c26325,

title = "Lifestyle factors and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Although lifestyle factors have been studied in relation to individual non-communicable diseases (NCDs), their association with development of a subsequent NCD, defined as multimorbidity, has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between five lifestyle factors and incident multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases.METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 291,778 participants (64% women) from seven European countries, mostly aged 43 to 58 years and free of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) at recruitment, were included. Incident multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases was defined as developing subsequently two diseases including first cancer at any site, CVD, and T2D in an individual. Multi-state modelling based on Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of developing cancer, CVD, or T2D, and subsequent transitions to multimorbidity, in relation to body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and their combination as a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score. Cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) were estimated to compute 10-year absolute risks for transitions from healthy to cancer at any site, CVD (both fatal and non-fatal), or T2D, and to subsequent multimorbidity after each of the three NCDs.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11 years, 1910 men and 1334 women developed multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. A higher HLI, reflecting healthy lifestyles, was strongly inversely associated with multimorbidity, with hazard ratios per 3-unit increment of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.81), 0.84 (0.79 to 0.90), and 0.82 (0.77 to 0.88) after cancer, CVD, and T2D, respectively. After T2D, the 10-year absolute risks of multimorbidity were 40% and 25% for men and women, respectively, with unhealthy lifestyle, and 30% and 18% for men and women with healthy lifestyles.CONCLUSION: Pre-diagnostic healthy lifestyle behaviours were strongly inversely associated with the risk of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases, and with the prognosis of these diseases by reducing risk of multimorbidity.",

keywords = "Cancer, Cancer and cardiometabolic multimorbidity, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes, Healthy lifestyle, Obesity, Prevention",

author = "Heinz Freisling and Vivian Viallon and Hannah Lennon and Vincenzo Bagnardi and Cristian Ricci and Butterworth, {Adam S} and Michael Sweeting and David Muller and Isabelle Romieu and Pauline Bazelle and Marina Kvaskoff and Patrick Arveux and Gianluca Severi and Christina Bamia and Tilman K{\"u}hn and Rudolf Kaaks and Manuela Bergmann and Heiner Boeing and Anne Tj{\o}nneland and Anja Olsen and Kim Overvad and Dahm, {Christina C} and Virginia Men{\'e}ndez and Antonio Agudo and Maria-Jose S{\'a}nchez and Pilar Amiano and Carmen Santiuste and Gurrea, {Aurelio Barricarte} and Tong, {Tammy Y N} and Schmidt, {Julie A} and Ioanna Tzoulaki and Tsilidis, {Konstantinos K} and Heather Ward and Domenico Palli and Claudia Agnoli and Rosario Tumino and Fulvio Ricceri and Salvatore Panico and Picavet, {H Susan J} and Marije Bakker and Evelyn Monninkhof and Peter Nilsson and Jonas Manjer and Olov Rolandsson and Elin Thysell and Elisabete Weiderpass and Mazda Jenab and Elio Riboli and Paolo Vineis and John Danesh and Wareham, {Nick J} and Gunter, {Marc J} and Pietro Ferrari",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Direction G{\'e}n{\'e}rale de la Sant{\'e} (French Ministry of Health) (Grant GR-IARC-2003-09-12-01) and by the French National Cancer Institute (INCA_N°2018-123), and the Canc{\'e}rop{\^o}le Ile-de-France (N°2018-1-PL SHS-06-CIRC-1). Funding for the InterAct project was provided by the EU FP6 programme (grant no. LSHM_CT_2006_037197). EPIC-CVD has been supported by the European Union Framework 7 (HEALTH24 F2-2012-279233), the European Research Council (268834), the UK Medical Research 25 Council (G0800270 and MR/ L003120/1), the British Heart Foundation (SP/09/002 and 26 RG/08/014 and RG13/ 13/30194), and the UK National Institute of Health Research. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada;, PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia), Regional Governments of Andaluc{\'i}a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Sk{\aa}ne and V{\"a}sterbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (UK). The funder of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Author(s).",

year = "2020",

month = jan,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1186/s12916-019-1474-7",

language = "English",

volume = "18",

journal = "BMC Medicine",

issn = "1741-7015",

publisher = "BioMed Central",

number = "1",

}

Freisling, H, Viallon, V, Lennon, H, Bagnardi, V, Ricci, C, Butterworth, AS, Sweeting, M, Muller, D, Romieu, I, Bazelle, P, Kvaskoff, M, Arveux, P, Severi, G, Bamia, C, Kühn, T, Kaaks, R, Bergmann, M, Boeing, H, Tjønneland, A, Olsen, A, Overvad, K, Dahm, CC, Menéndez, V, Agudo, A, Sánchez, M-J, Amiano, P, Santiuste, C, Gurrea, AB, Tong, TYN, Schmidt, JA, Tzoulaki, I, Tsilidis, KK, Ward, H, Palli, D, Agnoli, C, Tumino, R, Ricceri, F, Panico, S, Picavet, HSJ, Bakker, M, Monninkhof, E, Nilsson, P, Manjer, J, Rolandsson, O, Thysell, E, Weiderpass, E, Jenab, M, Riboli, E, Vineis, P, Danesh, J, Wareham, NJ, Gunter, MJ & Ferrari, P 2020, 'Lifestyle factors and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study', BMC Medicine, vol. 18, no. 1, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1474-7

TY - JOUR

T1 - Lifestyle factors and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases

T2 - a multinational cohort study

AU - Freisling, Heinz

AU - Viallon, Vivian

AU - Lennon, Hannah

AU - Bagnardi, Vincenzo

AU - Ricci, Cristian

AU - Butterworth, Adam S

AU - Sweeting, Michael

AU - Muller, David

AU - Romieu, Isabelle

AU - Bazelle, Pauline

AU - Kvaskoff, Marina

AU - Arveux, Patrick

AU - Severi, Gianluca

AU - Bamia, Christina

AU - Kühn, Tilman

AU - Kaaks, Rudolf

AU - Bergmann, Manuela

AU - Boeing, Heiner

AU - Tjønneland, Anne

AU - Olsen, Anja

AU - Overvad, Kim

AU - Dahm, Christina C

AU - Menéndez, Virginia

AU - Agudo, Antonio

AU - Sánchez, Maria-Jose

AU - Amiano, Pilar

AU - Santiuste, Carmen

AU - Gurrea, Aurelio Barricarte

AU - Tong, Tammy Y N

AU - Schmidt, Julie A

AU - Tzoulaki, Ioanna

AU - Tsilidis, Konstantinos K

AU - Ward, Heather

AU - Palli, Domenico

AU - Agnoli, Claudia

AU - Tumino, Rosario

AU - Ricceri, Fulvio

AU - Panico, Salvatore

AU - Picavet, H Susan J

AU - Bakker, Marije

AU - Monninkhof, Evelyn

AU - Nilsson, Peter

AU - Manjer, Jonas

AU - Rolandsson, Olov

AU - Thysell, Elin

AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete

AU - Jenab, Mazda

AU - Riboli, Elio

AU - Vineis, Paolo

AU - Danesh, John

AU - Wareham, Nick J

AU - Gunter, Marc J

AU - Ferrari, Pietro

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Direction Générale de la Santé (French Ministry of Health) (Grant GR-IARC-2003-09-12-01) and by the French National Cancer Institute (INCA_N°2018-123), and the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France (N°2018-1-PL SHS-06-CIRC-1). Funding for the InterAct project was provided by the EU FP6 programme (grant no. LSHM_CT_2006_037197). EPIC-CVD has been supported by the European Union Framework 7 (HEALTH24 F2-2012-279233), the European Research Council (268834), the UK Medical Research 25 Council (G0800270 and MR/ L003120/1), the British Heart Foundation (SP/09/002 and 26 RG/08/014 and RG13/ 13/30194), and the UK National Institute of Health Research. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada;, PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (UK). The funder of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s).

PY - 2020/1/10

Y1 - 2020/1/10

N2 - BACKGROUND: Although lifestyle factors have been studied in relation to individual non-communicable diseases (NCDs), their association with development of a subsequent NCD, defined as multimorbidity, has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between five lifestyle factors and incident multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases.METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 291,778 participants (64% women) from seven European countries, mostly aged 43 to 58 years and free of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) at recruitment, were included. Incident multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases was defined as developing subsequently two diseases including first cancer at any site, CVD, and T2D in an individual. Multi-state modelling based on Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of developing cancer, CVD, or T2D, and subsequent transitions to multimorbidity, in relation to body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and their combination as a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score. Cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) were estimated to compute 10-year absolute risks for transitions from healthy to cancer at any site, CVD (both fatal and non-fatal), or T2D, and to subsequent multimorbidity after each of the three NCDs.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11 years, 1910 men and 1334 women developed multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. A higher HLI, reflecting healthy lifestyles, was strongly inversely associated with multimorbidity, with hazard ratios per 3-unit increment of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.81), 0.84 (0.79 to 0.90), and 0.82 (0.77 to 0.88) after cancer, CVD, and T2D, respectively. After T2D, the 10-year absolute risks of multimorbidity were 40% and 25% for men and women, respectively, with unhealthy lifestyle, and 30% and 18% for men and women with healthy lifestyles.CONCLUSION: Pre-diagnostic healthy lifestyle behaviours were strongly inversely associated with the risk of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases, and with the prognosis of these diseases by reducing risk of multimorbidity.

AB - BACKGROUND: Although lifestyle factors have been studied in relation to individual non-communicable diseases (NCDs), their association with development of a subsequent NCD, defined as multimorbidity, has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between five lifestyle factors and incident multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases.METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 291,778 participants (64% women) from seven European countries, mostly aged 43 to 58 years and free of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) at recruitment, were included. Incident multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases was defined as developing subsequently two diseases including first cancer at any site, CVD, and T2D in an individual. Multi-state modelling based on Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of developing cancer, CVD, or T2D, and subsequent transitions to multimorbidity, in relation to body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and their combination as a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score. Cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) were estimated to compute 10-year absolute risks for transitions from healthy to cancer at any site, CVD (both fatal and non-fatal), or T2D, and to subsequent multimorbidity after each of the three NCDs.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11 years, 1910 men and 1334 women developed multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. A higher HLI, reflecting healthy lifestyles, was strongly inversely associated with multimorbidity, with hazard ratios per 3-unit increment of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.81), 0.84 (0.79 to 0.90), and 0.82 (0.77 to 0.88) after cancer, CVD, and T2D, respectively. After T2D, the 10-year absolute risks of multimorbidity were 40% and 25% for men and women, respectively, with unhealthy lifestyle, and 30% and 18% for men and women with healthy lifestyles.CONCLUSION: Pre-diagnostic healthy lifestyle behaviours were strongly inversely associated with the risk of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases, and with the prognosis of these diseases by reducing risk of multimorbidity.

KW - Cancer

KW - Cancer and cardiometabolic multimorbidity

KW - Cardiovascular disease

KW - Diabetes

KW - Healthy lifestyle

KW - Obesity

KW - Prevention

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85077697686&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1186/s12916-019-1474-7

DO - 10.1186/s12916-019-1474-7

M3 - Article

C2 - 31918762

SN - 1741-7015

VL - 18

JO - BMC Medicine

JF - BMC Medicine

IS - 1

M1 - 5

ER -

Lifestyle factors and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study

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