Klinisch beeld en gevaren van brucellose in Nederland

Brucellosis, a zoonotic infection characterised by undulant fever, has a low incidence in the Netherlands and is therefore rarely considered. We describe 3 patients aged 26, 47 and 56 years old; each presented with long-standing fever as predominant symptom after having travelled to an endemic area, Iraq or Turkey, 1 week to 4 months prior to manifestation of illness. They had similar symptoms: fever, weight loss, chills, night sweats and dry cough. Blood cultures of all patients became positive for gram-negative rods after 3-4 days of incubation. One patient had imported and consumed sheep-milk cheese from which a genetically indistinguishable Brucella strain was cultured. In another patient, identification of the bacterium proved difficult, resulting in delayed prescription of adequate antibiotic treatment. Serologic testing confirmed the diagnosis in this case. In the laboratory, there is a considerable risk of airborne transmission of the disease necessitating clear notification of the suspicion of brucellosis when material for culturing is submitted.