@article{cfe2afced0c949648c79ddf540e48b1a,
title = "junB promoter regulation: Ras mediated transactivation by c-Ets-1 and c-Ets-2",
abstract = "The Jun gene family encode components of the AP-1 transcription factor complex that regulate a variety of TRE-containing target promoters. Expression of family members is induced by a wide variety of extracellular stimuli and thought to be important in mediating cellular proliferation and differentiation. We have localized cis-acting DNA sequences in the murine junB promoter capable of mediating transcriptional activation by the proto-oncogene products c-Ets-1 and c-Ets-2. We show by promoter deletion analysis that multiple elements located between -848 and -574, and between -196 and -91 can mediate transactivation by ETS-family members in different cell types. In vitro DNA binding assays indicate that the elements identified can specifically interact with c-Ets-1 protein. Furthermore, we show that ETS-transactivation of a variety of reporter constructs is dramatically enhanced by introduction of oncogenic Ha-ras. The activation of Ras by extracellular stimuli invokes a phosphorylation cascade that includes the downstream mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase p44(ERK-1). We further show that addition of activated p44(ERK-1) MAP kinase can also enhance ETS-transactivation of junB promoter reporter constructs. Here we propose that ETS-family members play a role in the activation of junB transcription by a Ras-stimulated signal transducing pathway that includes MAP kinase(s).",
author = "Paul Coffer and {De Jonge}, Marjolijn and Amel Mettouchi and Bernard Binetruy and Jacques Ghysdael and Wiebe Kruijer",
note = "Funding Information: been invited to a conference in New York City. This conference was held annually at Lake Mahonk and was effectively a form of social-political forum for academics, clergy, magistrates, industrialists and others. The two British delegates, W. Moore Ede and William Thomas, Secretary of the Metropolitan Free Church Federation, sought to gain favour for the organisation of an »Ecumenical World-Conference«. It was intended that the goal of this conference would be to influence not only public opinion, but also European governments and the USA, to seek friendly relations between their peoples. Furthermore, it was hoped that existing conflicts and disagreements would no longer be solved through military means but through an International Court of Justice. The USA was better placed than any other nation to promote this cause, because the country was physically separate from the European hostilities.31 Participants in this Lake Mahonk conference were so impressed by the British guests{\textquoteright} visionary approach to peace, that they decided on the spot to commit a session of the following year{\textquoteright}s conference to this topic, and to invite not only British but also German delegates from the respective English-German committees. The opportunity was timely, as they were able to win the support of the newly founded union of Protestant Churches, The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America (FCC), for the project. On the British side, Joseph Allen Baker, Moore Ede and John Clifford took part in the 1911 Conference at Lake Mahonk, while Siegmund-Schultze represented the Germans. Immediately following this conference, a further conference of pastors took place, in which over 1,000 clergymen participated. The European delegates were able to inspire the participants of both conferences with their concept for an »Ecumenical World-Conference«. In preparation for these meetings, Frederick Lynch, the Secretary of the FCC, travelled to London and Berlin in 1911, where tensions between the governments had once again started to increase. Lynch was also the Secretary of the Church Peace Union,32 which had immediately seized upon the concept of a World-Conference, and even convened a preliminary conference in Switzerland in May 1914, that was attended by leading personalities from the host country, as well as Great Britain and Germany. It was decided at this meeting to hold the World Conference in Constance at the beginning of August 1914. However, the fact that by the end of July 1914 the European states had already mobilised meant that only 85 of the 153 planned delegates from ten different countries were actually able to reach Constance. Those present opened",
year = "1994",
month = mar,
language = "English",
volume = "9",
pages = "911--921",
journal = "Oncogene",
issn = "0950-9232",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "3",
}