Is the Machine Surpassing Humans? Large Language Models, Structuralism, and Liturgical Ritual: A Position Paper

This article explores the relationship between large language models (LLMs) and humans as well as its impact on practical theology, more specifically on ritual-liturgical studies. We show how LLMs question human exceptionalism in the realms of language, creativity, grounding, and meta-representation. Subsequently, we discuss the assumed role of language in understanding who we are as humans. LLMs call for a reappraisal of Saussure’s structuralism. We demonstrate how in LLMs, structuralism converges with hermeneutic approaches to language. We speculate on the immanent interpenetration of LLMs and liturgical practices from the perspective of a revisiting of structuralism. Finally, we offer some perspectives on the future of LLMs and liturgy.