TY - JOUR
T1 - Improving translational research in sex-specific effects of comorbidities and risk factors in ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection
T2 - Position Paper and Recommendations of the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart
AU - Perrino, C
AU - Ferdinandy, P
AU - Bøtker, H E
AU - Brundel, B J J M
AU - Collins, P
AU - Davidson, S M
AU - den Ruijter, H M
AU - Engel, F B
AU - Gerdts, E
AU - Girao, H
AU - Gyöngyösi, M
AU - Hausenloy, D J
AU - Lecour, S
AU - Madonna, R
AU - Marber, M
AU - Murphy, E
AU - Pesce, M
AU - Regitz-Zagrosek, V
AU - Sluijter, J P G
AU - Steffens, S
AU - Gollmann-Tepeköylü, C
AU - Van Laake, L W
AU - Van Linthout, S
AU - Schulz, R
AU - Ytrehus, K
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/2/1
Y1 - 2021/2/1
N2 - Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including pathophysiology, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis as well as treatment and outcome. Several diseases or risk factors frequently associated with IHD can modify cellular signalling cascades, thus affecting ischaemia/reperfusion injury as well as responses to cardioprotective interventions. Importantly, the prevalence and impact of risk factors and several comorbidities differ between males and females, and their effects on IHD development and prognosis might differ according to sex. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are still poorly understood, and their identification might have important translational implications in the prediction or prevention of risk of IHD in men and women. Despite this, most experimental studies on IHD are still undertaken in animal models in the absence of risk factors and comorbidities, and assessment of potential sex-specific differences are largely missing. This ESC WG Position Paper will discuss: (i) the importance of sex as a biological variable in cardiovascular research, (ii) major biological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences relevant to IHD risk factors and comorbidities, (iii) prospects and pitfalls of preclinical models to investigate these associations, and finally (iv) will provide recommendations to guide future research. Although gender differences also affect IHD risk in the clinical setting, they will not be discussed in detail here.
AB - Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including pathophysiology, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis as well as treatment and outcome. Several diseases or risk factors frequently associated with IHD can modify cellular signalling cascades, thus affecting ischaemia/reperfusion injury as well as responses to cardioprotective interventions. Importantly, the prevalence and impact of risk factors and several comorbidities differ between males and females, and their effects on IHD development and prognosis might differ according to sex. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are still poorly understood, and their identification might have important translational implications in the prediction or prevention of risk of IHD in men and women. Despite this, most experimental studies on IHD are still undertaken in animal models in the absence of risk factors and comorbidities, and assessment of potential sex-specific differences are largely missing. This ESC WG Position Paper will discuss: (i) the importance of sex as a biological variable in cardiovascular research, (ii) major biological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences relevant to IHD risk factors and comorbidities, (iii) prospects and pitfalls of preclinical models to investigate these associations, and finally (iv) will provide recommendations to guide future research. Although gender differences also affect IHD risk in the clinical setting, they will not be discussed in detail here.
KW - Cardioprotection Sex differences Ischaemic heart disease Ischaemia and reperfusion Translational research Comorbidities
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100358979&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/cvr/cvaa155
DO - 10.1093/cvr/cvaa155
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32484892
SN - 0008-6363
VL - 117
SP - 367
EP - 385
JO - Cardiovascular research
JF - Cardiovascular research
IS - 2
ER -