TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunophenotypic Analysis of Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia
T2 - A EuroFlow Study
AU - Brouwer, Nienke
AU - Matarraz, Sergio
AU - Nierkens, Stefan
AU - Hofmans, Mattias
AU - Nováková, Michaela
AU - da Costa, Elaine Sobral
AU - Fernandez, Paula
AU - Bras, Anne E
AU - de Mello, Fabiana Vieira
AU - Mejstrikova, Ester
AU - Philippé, Jan
AU - Grigore, Georgiana Emilia
AU - Pedreira, Carlos E
AU - van Dongen, Jacques J M
AU - Orfao, Alberto
AU - van der Velden, Vincent H J
AU - On Behalf Of The EuroFlow Consortium, null
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: The EuroFlow Consortium received support from the FP6-2004-LIFESCIHEALTH-5 program of the European Commission (grant LSHB-CT-2006-018708) as Specific Targeted Research Project (STREP). The EuroFlow Consortium is part of the European Scientific Foundation for Hemato-Oncology (ESLHO), a Scientific Working Group (SWG) of the European Hematology Association (EHA). The work of C.E.P. and E.S.C. was partially supported by FAPERJ (Grant E26/200.840/2021-CNE; E26/210.379/2018 and E26/110.105/2014); CAPES-PROEX; and CNPq (Grant 306258/2019-6 and 303765/2018-6). M.N. and E.M. were supported by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, grant number NU20J-07-00028. S.M. was supported by Acción Estratégica en Salud (AES) (Grant PI21_01115) and the grant of CIBERONC of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Madrid, Spain and FONDOS FEDER (no. CB16/12/00400).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/3/21
Y1 - 2022/3/21
N2 - Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare and heterogeneous subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated the immunophenotypic profile of 72 AMKL and 114 non-AMKL AML patients using the EuroFlow AML panel. Univariate and multivariate/multidimensional analyses were performed to identify most relevant markers contributing to the diagnosis of AMKL. AMKL patients were subdivided into transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML-DS), AML-not otherwise specified with megakaryocytic differentiation (NOS-AMKL), and AMKL-other patients (AML patients with other WHO classification but with flowcytometric features of megakaryocytic differentiation). Flowcytometric analysis showed good discrimination between AMKL and non-AMKL patients based on differential expression of, in particular, CD42a.CD61, CD41, CD42b, HLADR, CD15 and CD13. Combining CD42a.CD61 (positive) and CD13 (negative) resulted in a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 99%. Within AMKL patients, TAM and ML-DS patients showed higher frequencies of immature CD34+/CD117+ leukemic cells as compared to NOS-AMKL and AMKL-Other patients. In addition, ML-DS patients showed a significantly higher expression of CD33, CD11b, CD38 and CD7 as compared to the other three subgroups, allowing for good distinction of these patients. Overall, our data show that the EuroFlow AML panel allows for straightforward diagnosis of AMKL and that ML-DS is associated with a unique immunophenotypic profile.
AB - Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare and heterogeneous subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated the immunophenotypic profile of 72 AMKL and 114 non-AMKL AML patients using the EuroFlow AML panel. Univariate and multivariate/multidimensional analyses were performed to identify most relevant markers contributing to the diagnosis of AMKL. AMKL patients were subdivided into transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML-DS), AML-not otherwise specified with megakaryocytic differentiation (NOS-AMKL), and AMKL-other patients (AML patients with other WHO classification but with flowcytometric features of megakaryocytic differentiation). Flowcytometric analysis showed good discrimination between AMKL and non-AMKL patients based on differential expression of, in particular, CD42a.CD61, CD41, CD42b, HLADR, CD15 and CD13. Combining CD42a.CD61 (positive) and CD13 (negative) resulted in a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 99%. Within AMKL patients, TAM and ML-DS patients showed higher frequencies of immature CD34+/CD117+ leukemic cells as compared to NOS-AMKL and AMKL-Other patients. In addition, ML-DS patients showed a significantly higher expression of CD33, CD11b, CD38 and CD7 as compared to the other three subgroups, allowing for good distinction of these patients. Overall, our data show that the EuroFlow AML panel allows for straightforward diagnosis of AMKL and that ML-DS is associated with a unique immunophenotypic profile.
KW - AMKL
KW - Down syndrome
KW - EuroFlow
KW - Immunophenotyping
KW - Transient abnormal myelopoiesis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126529490&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/cancers14061583
DO - 10.3390/cancers14061583
M3 - Article
C2 - 35326734
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 16
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
IS - 6
M1 - 1583
ER -