TY - JOUR
T1 - Ideal Cardiovascular Health Index and Its Determinants in a Rural South African Population
AU - Ketelaar, E J
AU - Vos, A G
AU - Godijk, N G
AU - Scheuermaier, K
AU - Devillé, W
AU - Tempelman, H
AU - Coutinho, R A
AU - Venter, W D F
AU - Grobbee, D E
AU - Klipstein-Grobusch, K
N1 - Funding Information:
The Ndlovu Cohort study was supported by a grant from the Dutch AIDS Foundation; Dioraphte Foundation; De Grote Onderneming and the University Medical Center Utrecht.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/11/25
Y1 - 2020/11/25
N2 - Background: The ideal cardiovascular health index (CVHI) is a measure to summarize cardiovascular (CV) health, and includes smoking, body-mass index, physical activity, blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, and diet.Objective: This study aimed to assess CV health using the CVHI and determinants on CV health in a rural African population, and correlate carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis, with CVHI.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on baseline data of the Ndlovu Cohort Study, located in rural South Africa. CVHI score (CVHIs) was calculated by the sum of favourable CVHI factors (range 0 to 7). Logistic regression was performed to examine the association of age, sex, HIV-status, education level, employment status, and income with good CV health (5-7 favourable health factors). Mean CIMT was displayed by poor, intermediate and good CV health.Results: The study included 1927 participants with a mean age of 38.7 years (SD ± 12.8). Of the factors contributing to the CVHI, glucose and total cholesterol scored best; diet least good. Average CVHIs for the population was 4.4 (SD ± 1.2) and 53% of the population had a good CV health. Determinants associated with good CV health were younger age, higher educational attainment, and HIV positivity. CVHIs showed good agreement with CIMT.Conclusion: CVHIs showed that more than half of the participants had a good CV health. Agreement between CVHIs and CIMT indicates potential use of CVHIs as a surrogate marker for CV risk. The study highlights the importance of education for health promotion; good CV health in HIV-positive participants may in part be attributed to more frequent health care contact and provision of chronic disease care.Highlights: Good cardiovascular health (CVH) was observed in 53% of the study population.In global comparison, rural African study participants showed a good CVH score.HIV positivity was associated with a good CVH score.CVH score showed good agreement with carotid intima-media thickness.
AB - Background: The ideal cardiovascular health index (CVHI) is a measure to summarize cardiovascular (CV) health, and includes smoking, body-mass index, physical activity, blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, and diet.Objective: This study aimed to assess CV health using the CVHI and determinants on CV health in a rural African population, and correlate carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis, with CVHI.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on baseline data of the Ndlovu Cohort Study, located in rural South Africa. CVHI score (CVHIs) was calculated by the sum of favourable CVHI factors (range 0 to 7). Logistic regression was performed to examine the association of age, sex, HIV-status, education level, employment status, and income with good CV health (5-7 favourable health factors). Mean CIMT was displayed by poor, intermediate and good CV health.Results: The study included 1927 participants with a mean age of 38.7 years (SD ± 12.8). Of the factors contributing to the CVHI, glucose and total cholesterol scored best; diet least good. Average CVHIs for the population was 4.4 (SD ± 1.2) and 53% of the population had a good CV health. Determinants associated with good CV health were younger age, higher educational attainment, and HIV positivity. CVHIs showed good agreement with CIMT.Conclusion: CVHIs showed that more than half of the participants had a good CV health. Agreement between CVHIs and CIMT indicates potential use of CVHIs as a surrogate marker for CV risk. The study highlights the importance of education for health promotion; good CV health in HIV-positive participants may in part be attributed to more frequent health care contact and provision of chronic disease care.Highlights: Good cardiovascular health (CVH) was observed in 53% of the study population.In global comparison, rural African study participants showed a good CVH score.HIV positivity was associated with a good CVH score.CVH score showed good agreement with carotid intima-media thickness.
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Carotid intima-media thickness
KW - HIV
KW - Ideal cardiovascular health index
KW - Socio-economic status
KW - South Africa
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097916500&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5334/gh.801
DO - 10.5334/gh.801
M3 - Article
C2 - 33299772
SN - 2211-8160
VL - 15
JO - Global Heart
JF - Global Heart
IS - 1
M1 - 76
ER -