Human IRF1 governs macrophagic IFN-γ immunity to mycobacteria

Jérémie Rosain, Anna-Lena Neehus, Jérémy Manry, Rui Yang, Jérémie Le Pen, Wassim Daher, Zhiyong Liu, Yi-Hao Chan, Natalia Tahuil, Özden Türel, Mathieu Bourgey, Masato Ogishi, Jean-Marc Doisne, Helena M Izquierdo, Takayoshi Shirasaki, Tom Le Voyer, Antoine Guérin, Paul Bastard, Marcela Moncada-Vélez, Ji Eun HanTaushif Khan, Franck Rapaport, Seon-Hui Hong, Andrew Cheung, Kathrin Haake, Barbara C Mindt, Laura Pérez, Quentin Philippot, Danyel Lee, Peng Zhang, Darawan Rinchai, Fatima Al Ali, Manar Mahmoud Ahmad Ata, Mahbuba Rahman, Jessica N Peel, Søren Heissel, Henrik Molina, Yasemin Kendir-Demirkol, Rasheed Bailey, Shuxiang Zhao, Jonathan Bohlen, Yoann Seeleuthner, Marie Roelens, Lazaro Lorenzo, Camille Soudée, María Elvira Josefina Paz, María Laura González, Mohamed Jeljeli, Jean Soulier, Serge Romana, Anne-Sophie L'Honneur, Marie Materna, Rubén Martínez-Barricarte, Mathieu Pochon, Carmen Oleaga-Quintas, Alexandre Michev, Mélanie Migaud, Romain Lévy, Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian, Flore Rozenberg, Carys A Croft, Guillaume Vogt, Jean-François Emile, Laurent Kremer, Cindy S Ma, Jörg H Fritz, Stanley M Lemon, András N Spaan, Nicolas Manel, Laurent Abel, Margaret R MacDonald, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, Nico Marr, Stuart G Tangye, James P Di Santo, Qian Zhang, Shen-Ying Zhang, Charles M Rice, Vivien Béziat, Nico Lachmann, David Langlais, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Philippe Gros, Jacinta Bustamante

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Abstract

Inborn errors of human IFN-γ-dependent macrophagic immunity underlie mycobacterial diseases, whereas inborn errors of IFN-α/β-dependent intrinsic immunity underlie viral diseases. Both types of IFNs induce the transcription factor IRF1. We describe unrelated children with inherited complete IRF1 deficiency and early-onset, multiple, life-threatening diseases caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria and related intramacrophagic pathogens. These children have no history of severe viral disease, despite exposure to many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, which is life-threatening in individuals with impaired IFN-α/β immunity. In leukocytes or fibroblasts stimulated in vitro, IRF1-dependent responses to IFN-γ are, both quantitatively and qualitatively, much stronger than those to IFN-α/β. Moreover, IRF1-deficient mononuclear phagocytes do not control mycobacteria and related pathogens normally when stimulated with IFN-γ. By contrast, IFN-α/β-dependent intrinsic immunity to nine viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, is almost normal in IRF1-deficient fibroblasts. Human IRF1 is essential for IFN-γ-dependent macrophagic immunity to mycobacteria, but largely redundant for IFN-α/β-dependent antiviral immunity.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)621-645.e33
JournalCell
Volume186
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2 Feb 2023

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • Child
  • Humans
  • Interferon Regulatory Factor-1
  • Interferon-alpha
  • Interferon-gamma
  • Mycobacterium
  • SARS-CoV-2

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