@article{262335d983104ac0bb06d76b2e90bed6,
title = "Histopathological findings in brain tissue obtained during epilepsy surgery",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: Detailed neuropathological information on the structural brain lesions underlying seizures is valuable for understanding drug-resistant focal epilepsy. METHODS: We report the diagnoses made on the basis of resected brain specimens from 9523 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant seizures in 36 centers from 12 European countries over 25 years. Histopathological diagnoses were determined through examination of the specimens in local hospitals (41%) or at the German Neuropathology Reference Center for Epilepsy Surgery (59%). RESULTS: The onset of seizures occurred before 18 years of age in 75.9% of patients overall, and 72.5% of the patients underwent surgery as adults. The mean duration of epilepsy before surgical resection was 20.1 years among adults and 5.3 years among children. The temporal lobe was involved in 71.9% of operations. There were 36 histopathological diagnoses in seven major disease categories. The most common categories were hippocampal sclerosis, found in 36.4% of the patients (88.7% of cases were in adults), tumors (mainly ganglioglioma) in 23.6%, and malformations of cortical development in 19.8% (focal cortical dysplasia was the most common type, 52.7% of cases of which were in children). No histopathological diagnosis could be established for 7.7% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy requiring surgery, hippocampal sclerosis was the most common histopathological diagnosis among adults, and focal cortical dysplasia was the most common diagnosis among children. Tumors were the second most common lesion in both groups.",
author = "I. Blumcke and R. Spreafico and G. Haaker and Roland Coras and K. Kobow and Bien, {Christian G.} and M. Pf{\"a}fflin and C.E. Elger and G. Widman and J. Schramm and A. Becker and Braun, {K. P.} and F. Leijten and Baayen, {Johannes C} and E. Aronica and F. Chassoux and H.M. Hamer and H. Stefan and K. R{\"o}ssler and M. Thom and Walker, {M. C.} and Sisodiya, {Sanjay M.} and J.S. Duncan and McEvoy, {A. W.} and T. Pieper and Hans Holthausen and M. Kudernatsch and Meencke, {H. J.} and P. Kahane and A. Schulze-Bonhage and J. Zentner and Heiland, {D. H.} and H. Urbach and Steinhoff, {Bernhard J} and Thomas Bast and L. Tassi and Russo, {Maria Giovanna} and Cigdem {\"O}zkara and B. Oz and Pavel Krsek and S. Vogelgesang and U. Runge and H. Lerche and Y.G. Weber and M. Honavar and J. Pimentel and A. Arzimanoglou and A. Ulate-Campos and S. Noachtar and E. Hartl",
note = "Funding Information: Supported by the European Union (FP7 DESIRE GA grant 602531, to Drs. Blumcke, Spreafico, Haaker, Tassi, Guerrini, and Barba; FP7 EPITARGET GA grant 602102, to Drs. Becker, Aronica, Walker, and Sisodiya; FP7 EPISTOP grant 602391, to Dr. Aronica; and FP7 EpimiRNA GA grant 602130, to Drs. Hamer and Rose-now); EpiGENet (DFG Bl 421/3-1, to Dr. Blumcke); the Johannes and Frieda Marohn Foundation of the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (support to Dr. Blumcke); the Austrian Science Fund (FWF grant J3499, to Dr. M{\"u}hlebner and grants P21636, P24367, DK W 1233-G17, KLI543-B27, and KLI12-B00, to Dr. Trinka); the Italian Ministry of Health (grant RF-2011-02350578, to Drs. Spreafico, Tassi, and Guerrini, and grant RF-2010-2309954, to Dr. Barba), the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (support to Drs. Thom, Walker, Sisodiya, Duncan, and McEvoy); Great Ormond Street Hospital Children{\textquoteright}s Charity, the Brain Tumour Charity, Children with Cancer, Higher Education Funding Council for England, and the National Institute for Health Research (support to Dr. Jacques); the Anniversary Fund of the Central Bank of the Republic of Austria (grant {\"O}NB-12036, to Dr. Feucht); and Fundaci{\'o}n Gmp (support to Dr. Gil-Nagel). Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2017 Massachusetts Medical Society.",
year = "2017",
month = oct,
day = "26",
doi = "10.1056/NEJMoa1703784",
language = "English",
volume = "377",
pages = "1648--1656",
journal = "New England Journal of Medicine",
issn = "0028-4793",
publisher = "Massachussetts Medical Society",
number = "17",
}