Genetics of atrial fibrillation and standstill

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Monogenetic forms of AF, however, represent a rare AF subtype. Although the identified mutations in affected family members have large effects, they do not seem to play a major role in more common AF present in the majority of the patients. The majority of patients have AF in association with concomitant (cardiovascular) conditions. In the last few years increasing data have been reported supporting the notion that there is a genetic component to more common AF. Recently, GWAS of the common AF phenotype have been successful in identifying three genetic loci associated with AF. In this chapter we will focus on single mutations causing familial forms of AF, and discuss single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with AF in the general population, and lastly, we will discuss the genetic aspects of atrial standstill. Identification of the genes that play a role in the initiation of the arrhythmia may give new insights into the development of AF, and eventually lead to novel therapeutic options. Also, early recognition of patients at risk may, eventually, prevent AF and reduce morbidity and mortality.