TY - JOUR
T1 - Fully Automatic, Semiautomatic, and Manual Corneal Nerve Fiber Analysis in Patients With Sarcoidosis
AU - Raasing, Lisette R M
AU - Vogels, Oscar J M
AU - Datema, Mirjam
AU - Tannemaat, Martijn R
AU - Veltkamp, Marcel
AU - Grutters, Jan C
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - PURPOSE: No guidelines are available on the preferred method for analyzing corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) data. Manual, semiautomatic, and automatic analyzes are all currently in use. The purpose of the present study was threefold. First, we aimed to investigate the different methods for CCM analysis in patients with and without small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Second, to determine the correlation of different methods for measuring corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) and nerve fiber area (NFA). Finally, we investigated the added value of automatic NFA analysis.METHODS: We included 20 healthy controls and 80 patients with sarcoidosis, 31 with established SFN and 49 without SFN. The CNFL was measured using CCMetrics, ACCMetrics, and NeuronJ. NFA was measured with NFA FIJI and ACCMetrics NFA.RESULTS: CNFL and NFA could not distinguish sarcoidosis with and without SFN or healthy controls. CCMetrics, NeuronJ, and ACCMetrics CNFL highly correlated. Also, NFA FIJI and ACCMetrics NFA highly correlated. Reproducing a nonlinear formula between CNFL and NFA confirmed the quadratic relation between NFA FIJI and ACCMetrics CNFL. CCMetrics and NeuronJ instead showed a square root relationship and seem to be less comparable owing to differences between automatic and manual techniques.CONCLUSIONS: ACCMetrics can be used for fully automatic analysis of CCM images to optimize efficiency. However, CNFL and NFA do not seem to have a discriminatory value for SFN in sarcoidosis. Further research is needed to determine the added value and normative values of NFA in CCM analysis.TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Our study improves the knowledge about CCM software and pathophysiology of SFN.
AB - PURPOSE: No guidelines are available on the preferred method for analyzing corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) data. Manual, semiautomatic, and automatic analyzes are all currently in use. The purpose of the present study was threefold. First, we aimed to investigate the different methods for CCM analysis in patients with and without small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Second, to determine the correlation of different methods for measuring corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) and nerve fiber area (NFA). Finally, we investigated the added value of automatic NFA analysis.METHODS: We included 20 healthy controls and 80 patients with sarcoidosis, 31 with established SFN and 49 without SFN. The CNFL was measured using CCMetrics, ACCMetrics, and NeuronJ. NFA was measured with NFA FIJI and ACCMetrics NFA.RESULTS: CNFL and NFA could not distinguish sarcoidosis with and without SFN or healthy controls. CCMetrics, NeuronJ, and ACCMetrics CNFL highly correlated. Also, NFA FIJI and ACCMetrics NFA highly correlated. Reproducing a nonlinear formula between CNFL and NFA confirmed the quadratic relation between NFA FIJI and ACCMetrics CNFL. CCMetrics and NeuronJ instead showed a square root relationship and seem to be less comparable owing to differences between automatic and manual techniques.CONCLUSIONS: ACCMetrics can be used for fully automatic analysis of CCM images to optimize efficiency. However, CNFL and NFA do not seem to have a discriminatory value for SFN in sarcoidosis. Further research is needed to determine the added value and normative values of NFA in CCM analysis.TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Our study improves the knowledge about CCM software and pathophysiology of SFN.
KW - corneal confocal microscopy
KW - image analysis
KW - nerve fiber area
KW - nerve fiber length
KW - sarcoidosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85178651982&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1167/tvst.12.12.3
DO - 10.1167/tvst.12.12.3
M3 - Article
C2 - 38047722
SN - 2164-2591
VL - 12
JO - Translational vision science & technology
JF - Translational vision science & technology
IS - 12
M1 - 3
ER -