TY - JOUR
T1 - Flow dynamics and energy efficiency of flow in the left ventricle during myocardial infarction
AU - Vasudevan, Vivek
AU - Low, Adriel Jia Jun
AU - Annamalai, Sarayu Parimal
AU - Sampath, Smita
AU - Poh, Kian Keong
AU - Totman, Teresa
AU - Mazlan, Muhammad
AU - Croft, Grace
AU - Richards, A. Mark
AU - de Kleijn, Dominique P.V.
AU - Chin, Chih Liang
AU - Yap, Choon Hwai
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements The current study was funded by the Singapore Millennium Foundation Grant entitled “Minimally-invasive, Thoracoscopic-ally Implantable Cardiac Assist Device for Palliative Care of the Elderly with Failing Hearts” (PI: Yap, awarded in 2014). The authors would like to thank Yvonne Tay and Elaine Manigbas for their assistance with MR data acquisition. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, where myocardial infarction (MI) is a major category. After infarction, the heart has difficulty providing sufficient energy for circulation, and thus, understanding the heart’s energy efficiency is important. We induced MI in a porcine animal model via circumflex ligation and acquired multiple-slice cine magnetic resonance (MR) images in a longitudinal manner—before infarction, and 1 week (acute) and 4 weeks (chronic) after infarction. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed based on MR images to obtain detailed fluid dynamics and energy dynamics of the left ventricles. Results showed that energy efficiency flow through the heart decreased at the acute time point. Since the heart was observed to experience changes in heart rate, stroke volume and chamber size over the two post-infarction time points, simulations were performed to test the effect of each of the three parameters. Increasing heart rate and stroke volume were found to significantly decrease flow energy efficiency, but the effect of chamber size was inconsistent. Strong complex interplay was observed between the three parameters, necessitating the use of non-dimensional parameterization to characterize flow energy efficiency. The ratio of Reynolds to Strouhal number, which is a form of Womersley number, was found to be the most effective non-dimensional parameter to represent energy efficiency of flow in the heart. We believe that this non-dimensional number can be computed for clinical cases via ultrasound and hypothesize that it can serve as a biomarker for clinical evaluations.
AB - Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, where myocardial infarction (MI) is a major category. After infarction, the heart has difficulty providing sufficient energy for circulation, and thus, understanding the heart’s energy efficiency is important. We induced MI in a porcine animal model via circumflex ligation and acquired multiple-slice cine magnetic resonance (MR) images in a longitudinal manner—before infarction, and 1 week (acute) and 4 weeks (chronic) after infarction. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed based on MR images to obtain detailed fluid dynamics and energy dynamics of the left ventricles. Results showed that energy efficiency flow through the heart decreased at the acute time point. Since the heart was observed to experience changes in heart rate, stroke volume and chamber size over the two post-infarction time points, simulations were performed to test the effect of each of the three parameters. Increasing heart rate and stroke volume were found to significantly decrease flow energy efficiency, but the effect of chamber size was inconsistent. Strong complex interplay was observed between the three parameters, necessitating the use of non-dimensional parameterization to characterize flow energy efficiency. The ratio of Reynolds to Strouhal number, which is a form of Womersley number, was found to be the most effective non-dimensional parameter to represent energy efficiency of flow in the heart. We believe that this non-dimensional number can be computed for clinical cases via ultrasound and hypothesize that it can serve as a biomarker for clinical evaluations.
KW - Cardiac flow energy efficiency
KW - Dynamic mesh computational fluid dynamics
KW - Intra-ventricular flow
KW - Myocardial infarction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85016453963&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10237-017-0902-x
DO - 10.1007/s10237-017-0902-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 28364199
AN - SCOPUS:85016453963
SN - 1617-7959
VL - 16
SP - 1503
EP - 1517
JO - Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
JF - Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
IS - 5
ER -