Expertise Area 2.6: Adult urogenital reconstructive surgery

Congenital anomalies of the urogenital tract may manifest prenatally, shortly after birth, or later in life and, in many cases, need lifelong specialised follow-up and care. During adolescence and young adulthood, complications of earlier treatment, or new issues that were not prominent in childhood, may arise. These problems should be handled by healthcare providers with sufficient experience in congenital urogenital anomalies and their consequences. Treatment should always be directed at maximising quality of life and self-dependence and, more specifically, aimed at preservation of renal function, urinary continence, adequate bladder emptying, and satisfactory sexual function and fertility if possible. This chapter focuses on the lower urinary tract and the female genital tract. Surgical methods regarding augmenting the bladder, continence-promoting surgery, catheterisable channels, and managing vaginal aplasia in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome are discussed.