@article{25c13bcbd03b4f1bb4b6db17da13a905,
title = "Exome sequencing in bipolar disorder identifies AKAP11 as a risk gene shared with schizophrenia",
abstract = "We report results from the Bipolar Exome (BipEx) collaboration analysis of whole-exome sequencing of 13,933 patients with bipolar disorder (BD) matched with 14,422 controls. We find an excess of ultra-rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in patients with BD among genes under strong evolutionary constraint in both major BD subtypes. We find enrichment of ultra-rare PTVs within genes implicated from a recent schizophrenia exome meta-analysis (SCHEMA; 24,248 cases and 97,322 controls) and among binding targets of CHD8. Genes implicated from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of BD, however, are not significantly enriched for ultra-rare PTVs. Combining gene-level results with SCHEMA, AKAP11 emerges as a definitive risk gene (odds ratio (OR) = 7.06, P = 2.83 × 10−9). At the protein level, AKAP-11 interacts with GSK3B, the hypothesized target of lithium, a primary treatment for BD. Our results lend support to BD{\textquoteright}s polygenicity, demonstrating a role for rare coding variation as a significant risk factor in BD etiology.",
author = "Palmer, \{Duncan S\} and Howrigan, \{Daniel P\} and Chapman, \{Sin{\'e}ad B\} and Rolf Adolfsson and Nick Bass and Douglas Blackwood and Boks, \{Marco P M\} and Chia-Yen Chen and Claire Churchhouse and Corvin, \{Aiden P\} and Nicholas Craddock and David Curtis and \{Di Florio\}, Arianna and Faith Dickerson and Freimer, \{Nelson B\} and Goes, \{Fernando S\} and Xiaoming Jia and Ian Jones and Lisa Jones and Lina Jonsson and Kahn, \{Rene S\} and Mikael Land{\'e}n and Locke, \{Adam E\} and McIntosh, \{Andrew M\} and Andrew McQuillin and Morris, \{Derek W\} and O'Donovan, \{Michael C\} and Ophoff, \{Roel A\} and Owen, \{Michael J\} and Pedersen, \{Nancy L\} and Danielle Posthuma and Andreas Reif and Neil Risch and Catherine Schaefer and Laura Scott and Tarjinder Singh and Smoller, \{Jordan W\} and Matthew Solomonson and Clair, \{David St\} and Stahl, \{Eli A\} and Annabel Vreeker and Walters, \{James T R\} and Weiqing Wang and Watts, \{Nicholas A\} and Robert Yolken and Zandi, \{Peter P\} and Neale, \{Benjamin M\}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by the Stanley Family Foundation; Kent and Elizabeth Dauten; National Institutes of Health grants R01 CA194393 (B.M.N.), R37 MH107649 (B.M.N.) and R01 MH085542 (J.W.S.); National Institute of Mental Health grants R01 MH090553 (R.O.), R01 MH095034 (E.A.S.) and U01 MH105578 (N.B.F.); UK Medical Research Council grants G1000708 (A.M.), MR/L010305/1 (M.J.O.) and MR/P005748/1 (M.J.O., M.C.O. and J.W.); ongoing grant support from Stanley Medical Research Institute (F.D., and R.Y.); and The Dalio Foundation (B.M.N.), who have enabled us to rapidly expand our data generation collections with the goal of moving toward better treatments for BD, schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. BSC grant support was provided by the National Institutes of Health grants R01 MH110437 (P.Z.), R01 MH085543 (C.S.) and RC2 AG036607 (C.S. and N.R.). We thank W. Ouwehand for contributing control samples for exome sequencing and E. Wigdor for thoughtful comments. Funding Information: This study was supported by the Stanley Family Foundation; Kent and Elizabeth Dauten; National Institutes of Health grants R01 CA194393 (B.M.N.), R37 MH107649 (B.M.N.) and R01 MH085542 (J.W.S.); National Institute of Mental Health grants R01 MH090553 (R.O.), R01 MH095034 (E.A.S.) and U01 MH105578 (N.B.F.); UK Medical Research Council grants G1000708 (A.M.), MR/L010305/1 (M.J.O.) and MR/P005748/1 (M.J.O., M.C.O. and J.W.); ongoing grant support from Stanley Medical Research Institute (F.D., and R.Y.); and The Dalio Foundation (B.M.N.), who have enabled us to rapidly expand our data generation collections with the goal of moving toward better treatments for BD, schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. BSC grant support was provided by the National Institutes of Health grants R01 MH110437 (P.Z.), R01 MH085543 (C.S.) and RC2 AG036607 (C.S. and N.R.). We thank W. Ouwehand for contributing control samples for exome sequencing and E. Wigdor for thoughtful comments. Funding Information: B.M.N. is a member of the scientific advisory board at Deep Genomics and Neumora and a consultant for Camp4 Therapeutics, Takeda Pharmaceutical and Biogen. A.M.M. has received speaker fees from Illumina and Janssen and research grant support from The Sackler Trust. M.L. has received speakers fees from Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals. M.J.O., M.C.O. and J.W. have received a research grant from Takeda Pharmaceuticals outside the scope of the present study. F.S.G. has received a research grant from Janssen Pharmaceuticals outside the scope of the present study. C.-Y.C. is an employee of Biogen. F.D. is an employee of Sheppard Pratt. A.E.L. and E.A.S. are now employees of Regeneron. X.J. is now an employee of Genentech. All other authors declare no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.",
year = "2022",
month = may,
doi = "10.1038/s41588-022-01034-x",
language = "English",
volume = "54",
pages = "541--547",
journal = "Nature Genetics",
issn = "1061-4036",
publisher = "Nature Research",
number = "5",
}