Exercise SBP response and incident depressive symptoms: The Maastricht Study

Tan Lai Zhou; Abraham A Kroon; Ronald M A Henry; Annemarie Koster; Pieter C Dagnelie; Hans Bosma; Marleen M J van Greevenbroek; Carla J H van der Kallen; Casper G Schalkwijk; Anke Wesselius; Koen D Reesink; Sebastian Köhler; Miranda T Schram; Coen D A Stehouwer; Thomas T van Sloten

doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002657

Exercise SBP response and incident depressive symptoms: The Maastricht Study

Tan Lai Zhou, Abraham A Kroon, Ronald M A Henry, Annemarie Koster, Pieter C Dagnelie, Hans Bosma, Marleen M J van Greevenbroek, Carla J H van der Kallen, Casper G Schalkwijk, Anke Wesselius, Koen D Reesink, Sebastian Köhler, Miranda T Schram, Coen D A Stehouwer, Thomas T van Sloten

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: : An exaggerated exercise SBP, which is potentially modifiable, may be associated with incident depressive symptoms via an increased pulsatile pressure load on the brain. However, the association between exaggerated exercise SBP and incident depressive symptoms is unknown. Therefore, we examined whether exaggerated exercise SBP is associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms over time.

METHODS: : We used longitudinal data from the population-based Maastricht Study, with only individuals free of depressive symptoms at baseline included (n = 2121; 51.3% men; age 59.5 ± 8.5 years). Exercise SBP was measured at baseline with a submaximal exercise cycle test. We calculated a composite score of exercise SBP based on four standardized exercise SBP measures: SBP at moderate workload, SBP at peak exercise, SBP change per minute during exercise and SBP 4 min after exercise. Clinically relevant depressive symptoms were determined annually at follow-up and defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire score of at least 10.

RESULTS: : After a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, 175 participants (8.3%) had incident clinically relevant depressive symptoms. A 1 SD higher exercise SBP composite score was associated with a higher incidence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms [hazard ratio: 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.54)]. Results were adjusted for age, sex, education level, glucose metabolism status, lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors, resting SBP and cardiorespiratory fitness.

CONCLUSION: : A higher exercise SBP response is associated with a higher incidence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	494-502
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Hypertension
Volume	39
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002657
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2021
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

blood pressure
depression
exercise
prognosis
screening

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Zhou, T. L., Kroon, A. A., Henry, R. M. A., Koster, A., Dagnelie, P. C., Bosma, H., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Wesselius, A., Reesink, K. D., Köhler, S., Schram, M. T., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Sloten, T. T. (2021). Exercise SBP response and incident depressive symptoms: The Maastricht Study. Journal of Hypertension, 39(3), 494-502. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002657

@article{06998ae10b174aba9802065a7f9a516b,

title = "Exercise SBP response and incident depressive symptoms: The Maastricht Study",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: : An exaggerated exercise SBP, which is potentially modifiable, may be associated with incident depressive symptoms via an increased pulsatile pressure load on the brain. However, the association between exaggerated exercise SBP and incident depressive symptoms is unknown. Therefore, we examined whether exaggerated exercise SBP is associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms over time.METHODS: : We used longitudinal data from the population-based Maastricht Study, with only individuals free of depressive symptoms at baseline included (n = 2121; 51.3% men; age 59.5 ± 8.5 years). Exercise SBP was measured at baseline with a submaximal exercise cycle test. We calculated a composite score of exercise SBP based on four standardized exercise SBP measures: SBP at moderate workload, SBP at peak exercise, SBP change per minute during exercise and SBP 4 min after exercise. Clinically relevant depressive symptoms were determined annually at follow-up and defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire score of at least 10.RESULTS: : After a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, 175 participants (8.3%) had incident clinically relevant depressive symptoms. A 1 SD higher exercise SBP composite score was associated with a higher incidence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms [hazard ratio: 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.54)]. Results were adjusted for age, sex, education level, glucose metabolism status, lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors, resting SBP and cardiorespiratory fitness.CONCLUSION: : A higher exercise SBP response is associated with a higher incidence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms.",

keywords = "blood pressure, depression, exercise, prognosis, screening",

author = "Zhou, {Tan Lai} and Kroon, {Abraham A} and Henry, {Ronald M A} and Annemarie Koster and Dagnelie, {Pieter C} and Hans Bosma and {van Greevenbroek}, {Marleen M J} and {van der Kallen}, {Carla J H} and Schalkwijk, {Casper G} and Anke Wesselius and Reesink, {Koen D} and Sebastian K{\"o}hler and Schram, {Miranda T} and Stehouwer, {Coen D A} and {van Sloten}, {Thomas T}",

year = "2021",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1097/HJH.0000000000002657",

language = "English",

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pages = "494--502",

journal = "Journal of Hypertension",

issn = "0263-6352",

publisher = "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins",

number = "3",

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Zhou, TL, Kroon, AA, Henry, RMA, Koster, A, Dagnelie, PC, Bosma, H, van Greevenbroek, MMJ, van der Kallen, CJH, Schalkwijk, CG, Wesselius, A, Reesink, KD, Köhler, S, Schram, MT, Stehouwer, CDA & van Sloten, TT 2021, 'Exercise SBP response and incident depressive symptoms: The Maastricht Study', Journal of Hypertension, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 494-502. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002657

TY - JOUR

T1 - Exercise SBP response and incident depressive symptoms

T2 - The Maastricht Study

AU - Zhou, Tan Lai

AU - Kroon, Abraham A

AU - Henry, Ronald M A

AU - Koster, Annemarie

AU - Dagnelie, Pieter C

AU - Bosma, Hans

AU - van Greevenbroek, Marleen M J

AU - van der Kallen, Carla J H

AU - Schalkwijk, Casper G

AU - Wesselius, Anke

AU - Reesink, Koen D

AU - Köhler, Sebastian

AU - Schram, Miranda T

AU - Stehouwer, Coen D A

AU - van Sloten, Thomas T

PY - 2021/3/1

Y1 - 2021/3/1

N2 - OBJECTIVE: : An exaggerated exercise SBP, which is potentially modifiable, may be associated with incident depressive symptoms via an increased pulsatile pressure load on the brain. However, the association between exaggerated exercise SBP and incident depressive symptoms is unknown. Therefore, we examined whether exaggerated exercise SBP is associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms over time.METHODS: : We used longitudinal data from the population-based Maastricht Study, with only individuals free of depressive symptoms at baseline included (n = 2121; 51.3% men; age 59.5 ± 8.5 years). Exercise SBP was measured at baseline with a submaximal exercise cycle test. We calculated a composite score of exercise SBP based on four standardized exercise SBP measures: SBP at moderate workload, SBP at peak exercise, SBP change per minute during exercise and SBP 4 min after exercise. Clinically relevant depressive symptoms were determined annually at follow-up and defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire score of at least 10.RESULTS: : After a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, 175 participants (8.3%) had incident clinically relevant depressive symptoms. A 1 SD higher exercise SBP composite score was associated with a higher incidence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms [hazard ratio: 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.54)]. Results were adjusted for age, sex, education level, glucose metabolism status, lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors, resting SBP and cardiorespiratory fitness.CONCLUSION: : A higher exercise SBP response is associated with a higher incidence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms.

AB - OBJECTIVE: : An exaggerated exercise SBP, which is potentially modifiable, may be associated with incident depressive symptoms via an increased pulsatile pressure load on the brain. However, the association between exaggerated exercise SBP and incident depressive symptoms is unknown. Therefore, we examined whether exaggerated exercise SBP is associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms over time.METHODS: : We used longitudinal data from the population-based Maastricht Study, with only individuals free of depressive symptoms at baseline included (n = 2121; 51.3% men; age 59.5 ± 8.5 years). Exercise SBP was measured at baseline with a submaximal exercise cycle test. We calculated a composite score of exercise SBP based on four standardized exercise SBP measures: SBP at moderate workload, SBP at peak exercise, SBP change per minute during exercise and SBP 4 min after exercise. Clinically relevant depressive symptoms were determined annually at follow-up and defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire score of at least 10.RESULTS: : After a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, 175 participants (8.3%) had incident clinically relevant depressive symptoms. A 1 SD higher exercise SBP composite score was associated with a higher incidence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms [hazard ratio: 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.54)]. Results were adjusted for age, sex, education level, glucose metabolism status, lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors, resting SBP and cardiorespiratory fitness.CONCLUSION: : A higher exercise SBP response is associated with a higher incidence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms.

KW - blood pressure

KW - depression

KW - exercise

KW - prognosis

KW - screening

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U2 - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002657

DO - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002657

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SN - 0263-6352

VL - 39

SP - 494

EP - 502

JO - Journal of Hypertension

JF - Journal of Hypertension

IS - 3

ER -

Exercise SBP response and incident depressive symptoms: The Maastricht Study

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