Evaluation of the applicability of HRT as a preservative of muscle strength in women

Objectives: To review the studies that have been undertaken on the effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT); especially oestrogen (+ progestin) regimens on the preservation of muscle strength. Current knowledge of the mechanisms and actions of steroid- and sex hormones on skeletal muscle tissue will be used in an attempt to clarify the mechanism of action of a possible effect. The objective is to arrive at an agreement on whether or not postmenopausal oestrogen administration has a positive influence on skeletal muscle tissue. Methods: Peer-reviewed publications were assessed. Results: An age-related decrement in muscle strength can be found in both men and women. However, in women, an extra decline can be observed around the time of menopause. A possible relationship between the additional diminution in muscle strength and altered hormone concentrations after the onset of menopause has been suggested. Since women nowadays spend one-third of their life postmenopausal, it is extremely important to keep the decline in muscle mass as small as possible. Besides the continuation of a physically active lifestyle, HRT was suggested to serve as a protective mechanism. Although, the usefulness of HRT as a preservative of muscle strength appeared controversial. Conclusions: Skeletal muscle strength is sensitive to training up to a high age, though continuation of physical activity does not appear to protect skeletal muscles completely from age-related decrements. Therefore, the development of another preventive method would be useful. Considering the present knowledge it has all the hallmarks that HRT can be a useful tool in the maintenance of muscle strength in postmenopausal women. None the less, further research is necessary to endorse this theory. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.