TY - JOUR
T1 - Erratum
T2 - Factors influencing scar formation following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination (Heliyon (2023) 9(4), (S2405844023024489), (10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15241))
AU - Villanueva, Paola
AU - Crawford, Nigel W
AU - Croda, Mariana Garcia
AU - Collopy, Simone
AU - Jardim, Bruno Araújo
AU - de Almeida Pinto Jardim, Tyane
AU - Manning, Laurens
AU - Lucas, Michaela
AU - Marshall, Helen
AU - Prat-Aymerich, Cristina
AU - Sawka, Alice
AU - Sharma, Ketaki
AU - Troeman, Darren
AU - Wadia, Ushma
AU - Warris, Adilia
AU - Wood, Nicholas
AU - Messina, Nicole L
AU - Curtis, Nigel
AU - Pittet, Laure F
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - The prevalence of scar formation following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination varies globally. The beneficial off-target effects of BCG are proposed to be stronger amongst children who develop a BCG scar. Within an international randomised trial (‘BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare workers’; BRACE Trial), this nested prospective cohort study assessed the prevalence of and factors influencing scar formation, as well as participant perception of BCG scarring 12 months following vaccination. Amongst 3071 BCG-recipients, 2341 (76%) developed a BCG scar. Scar prevalence was lowest in Spain and highest in UK. Absence of post-injection wheal (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.2–0.9), BCG revaccination (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.3–2.0), female sex (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.7–2.4), older age (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.4–0.5) and study country (Brazil OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.3–2.0) influenced BCG scar prevalence. Of the 2341 participants with a BCG scar, 1806 (77%) did not mind having the scar. Participants more likely to not mind were those in Brazil, males and those with a prior BCG vaccination history. The majority (96%) did not regret having the vaccine. Both vaccination-related (amenable to optimisation) and individual-related factors affected BCG scar prevalence 12 months following BCG vaccination of adults, with implications for maximising the effectiveness of BCG vaccination.
AB - The prevalence of scar formation following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination varies globally. The beneficial off-target effects of BCG are proposed to be stronger amongst children who develop a BCG scar. Within an international randomised trial (‘BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare workers’; BRACE Trial), this nested prospective cohort study assessed the prevalence of and factors influencing scar formation, as well as participant perception of BCG scarring 12 months following vaccination. Amongst 3071 BCG-recipients, 2341 (76%) developed a BCG scar. Scar prevalence was lowest in Spain and highest in UK. Absence of post-injection wheal (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.2–0.9), BCG revaccination (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.3–2.0), female sex (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.7–2.4), older age (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.4–0.5) and study country (Brazil OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.3–2.0) influenced BCG scar prevalence. Of the 2341 participants with a BCG scar, 1806 (77%) did not mind having the scar. Participants more likely to not mind were those in Brazil, males and those with a prior BCG vaccination history. The majority (96%) did not regret having the vaccine. Both vaccination-related (amenable to optimisation) and individual-related factors affected BCG scar prevalence 12 months following BCG vaccination of adults, with implications for maximising the effectiveness of BCG vaccination.
KW - BCG scar
KW - BCG vaccine
KW - Vaccination technique
KW - Vaccine safety
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85164668501&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15821
DO - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15821
M3 - Comment/Letter to the editor
C2 - 37484338
SN - 2405-8440
VL - 9
JO - Heliyon
JF - Heliyon
IS - 6
M1 - e15821
ER -