@article{73e025463ad144cab5b499be53ebb92c,
title = "Endothelial struts enable the generation of large lumenized blood vessels de novo",
abstract = "De novo blood vessel formation occurs through coalescence of endothelial cells (ECs) into a cord-like structure, followed by lumenization either through cell-1–3 or cord-hollowing4–7. Vessels generated in this manner are restricted in diameter to one or two ECs, and these models fail to explain how vasculogenesis can form large-diameter vessels. Here, we describe a model for large vessel formation that does not require a cord-like structure or a hollowing step. In this model, ECs coalesce into a network of struts in the future lumen of the vessel, a process dependent upon bone morphogenetic protein signalling. The vessel wall forms around this network and consists initially of only a few patches of ECs. To withstand external forces and to maintain the shape of the vessel, strut formation traps erythrocytes into compartments to form a rigid structure. Struts gradually prune and ECs from struts migrate into and become part of the vessel wall. Experimental severing of struts resulted in vessel collapse, disturbed blood flow and remodelling defects, demonstrating that struts enable the patency of large vessels during their formation.",
author = "Bart Weijts and Iftach Shaked and Mark Ginsberg and David Kleinfeld and Catherine Robin and David Traver",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the Animal Facility for zebrafish care (UCSD and Hubrecht Institute). We thank D. Yelon (University of California, San Diego) for the silent heart morpholino, S.-W. Jin (Yale Cardiovascular Research Center) for generously providing us with the hsp70l:noggin plasmid, J. Bakkers (Hubrecht Institute) for the hsp70:bmp2b line, J. den Hertog for the bre:egfp line and P. Tsai for use of the Q-bio laboratory confocal system. We thank J. Santini, N. Gohad (Zeiss) and K. Fertig (Leica) for microscopy technical assistance, the UCSD School of Medicine Microscopy Core, the Princess M{\'a}xima Imaging Center and the Hubrecht Institute Optical Imaging Center. This work was supported by the San Diego School of Medicine Microscopy Core (P30 NS047101). We thank R. van der Linden (Hubrecht Institute) for help with cell sorting. Part of this work was supported by a European Research Council grant (ERC project no. 220-H75001EU/ HSCOrigin-309361; C.R.), a TOP subsidy from NWO/ZonMw (912.15.017; C.R.), NIH/ NINDS R01NS108472 (I.S. and D.K.), NIH/NINDS R35NS097265 (I.S. and D.K.) and NIH R01DK074482 (D.T.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",
year = "2021",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1038/s41556-021-00664-3",
language = "English",
volume = "23",
pages = "322--329",
journal = "Nature Cell Biology",
issn = "1465-7392",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "4",
}