TY - JOUR
T1 - Endocrine Cephalic Phase Responses to Food Cues
T2 - A Systematic Review
AU - Lasschuijt, Marlou P
AU - Mars, Monica
AU - de Graaf, Cees
AU - Smeets, Paul A M
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was carried out as part of a public-private partnership funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, grant 057-14-001). Author disclosures: The authors report no conflicts of interest. Supplementary Methods, Figures 1 and 2, and Tables 1–7 are available from the “Supplementary data”link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at https://academic.oup.com/advances/. Address correspondence to ML (e-mail: [email protected]). Abbreviations used: CPIR, cephalic phase insulin response; CPPPR, cephalic phase pancreatic polypeptide response; CPR, cephalic phase response; iAUC, incremental AUC; MSF, modified sham feeding; PP, pancreatic polypeptide; PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/9/15
Y1 - 2020/9/15
N2 - Cephalic phase responses (CPRs) are conditioned anticipatory physiological responses to food cues. They occur before nutrient absorption and are hypothesized to be important for satiation and glucose homeostasis. Cephalic phase insulin responses (CPIRs) and pancreatic polypeptide responses (CPPPRs) are found consistently in animals, but human literature is inconclusive. We performed a systematic review of human studies to determine the magnitude and onset time of these CPRs. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to develop a search strategy. The terms included in the search strategy were cephalic or hormone response or endocrine response combined with insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The following databases were searched: Scopus (Elsevier), Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and The Cochrane Library. Initially, 582 original research articles were found, 50 were included for analysis. An insulin increase (≥1μIU/mL) was observed in 41% of the treatments (total n = 119). In 22% of all treatments the increase was significant from baseline. The median (IQR) insulin increase was 2.5 (1.6-4.5) μIU/mL, 30% above baseline at 5± 3 min after food cue onset (based on study treatments that induced ≥1 μIU/mL insulin increase). A PP increase (>10 pg/mL) was found in 48% of the treatments (total n = 42). In 21% of the treatments, the increase was significant from baseline. The median (IQR) PP increase was 99 (26-156) pg/mL, 68% above baseline at 9± 4 min after food cue onset (based on study treatments that induced ≥1 μIU/mL insulin increase). In conclusion, CPIRs are small compared with spontaneous fluctuations. Although CPPPRs are of a larger magnitude, both show substantial variation in magnitude and onset time. We found little evidence for CPIR or CPPPR affecting functional outcomes, that is, satiation and glucose homeostasis. Therefore, CPRs do not seem to be biologically meaningful in daily life.
AB - Cephalic phase responses (CPRs) are conditioned anticipatory physiological responses to food cues. They occur before nutrient absorption and are hypothesized to be important for satiation and glucose homeostasis. Cephalic phase insulin responses (CPIRs) and pancreatic polypeptide responses (CPPPRs) are found consistently in animals, but human literature is inconclusive. We performed a systematic review of human studies to determine the magnitude and onset time of these CPRs. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to develop a search strategy. The terms included in the search strategy were cephalic or hormone response or endocrine response combined with insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The following databases were searched: Scopus (Elsevier), Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and The Cochrane Library. Initially, 582 original research articles were found, 50 were included for analysis. An insulin increase (≥1μIU/mL) was observed in 41% of the treatments (total n = 119). In 22% of all treatments the increase was significant from baseline. The median (IQR) insulin increase was 2.5 (1.6-4.5) μIU/mL, 30% above baseline at 5± 3 min after food cue onset (based on study treatments that induced ≥1 μIU/mL insulin increase). A PP increase (>10 pg/mL) was found in 48% of the treatments (total n = 42). In 21% of the treatments, the increase was significant from baseline. The median (IQR) PP increase was 99 (26-156) pg/mL, 68% above baseline at 9± 4 min after food cue onset (based on study treatments that induced ≥1 μIU/mL insulin increase). In conclusion, CPIRs are small compared with spontaneous fluctuations. Although CPPPRs are of a larger magnitude, both show substantial variation in magnitude and onset time. We found little evidence for CPIR or CPPPR affecting functional outcomes, that is, satiation and glucose homeostasis. Therefore, CPRs do not seem to be biologically meaningful in daily life.
KW - anticipatory responses
KW - endocrinology
KW - food intake control
KW - glucose-homeostasis
KW - hormones
KW - human cephalic phase insulin response
KW - human cephalic phase pancreatic polypeptide response
KW - Pavlovian responses
KW - satiety
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091126251&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/advances/nmaa059
DO - 10.1093/advances/nmaa059
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32516803
SN - 2161-8313
VL - 11
SP - 1364
EP - 1383
JO - Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
JF - Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
IS - 5
ER -