Effects of Caramel Colour III on the number of blood lymphocytes: A human study on Caramel Colour III immunotoxicity and a comparison of the results with data from rat studies

G. F. Houben; W. van Dokkum; H. van Loveren; A. H. Penninks; W. Seinen; S. Spanhaak; Th Ockhuizen

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(92)90070-2

Effects of Caramel Colour III on the number of blood lymphocytes: A human study on Caramel Colour III immunotoxicity and a comparison of the results with data from rat studies

G. F. Houben^*
, W. van Dokkum
, H. van Loveren
, A. H. Penninks
, W. Seinen
, S. Spanhaak
, Th Ockhuizen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Administration of the colour additive Ammonia Caramel Colour (Caramel Colour III) to rats has been associated with decreased lymphocyte counts, specifically in rats fed a diet low in vitamin B₆. This effect is rapidly reversible and is caused by an imidazole derivative (THI) in Caramel Colour III. In the present paper, the conduct of a human study with Caramel Colour III is outlined and the results of blood lymphocyte counts are presented. No decrease in the number of blood lymphocytes occurred in marginally vitamin B₆-deficient humans who consumed Caramel Colour III at the acceptable daily intake level (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days. These data are discussed in relation to the effects of Caramel Colour III and THI on blood lymphocyte numbers in rats.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	427-430
Number of pages	4
Journal	Food and Chemical Toxicology
Volume	30
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(92)90070-2
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 1992

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10.1016/0278-6915(92)90070-2

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Houben, G. F., van Dokkum, W., van Loveren, H., Penninks, A. H., Seinen, W., Spanhaak, S., & Ockhuizen, T. (1992). Effects of Caramel Colour III on the number of blood lymphocytes: A human study on Caramel Colour III immunotoxicity and a comparison of the results with data from rat studies. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 30(5), 427-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(92)90070-2

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title = "Effects of Caramel Colour III on the number of blood lymphocytes: A human study on Caramel Colour III immunotoxicity and a comparison of the results with data from rat studies",

abstract = "Administration of the colour additive Ammonia Caramel Colour (Caramel Colour III) to rats has been associated with decreased lymphocyte counts, specifically in rats fed a diet low in vitamin B6. This effect is rapidly reversible and is caused by an imidazole derivative (THI) in Caramel Colour III. In the present paper, the conduct of a human study with Caramel Colour III is outlined and the results of blood lymphocyte counts are presented. No decrease in the number of blood lymphocytes occurred in marginally vitamin B6-deficient humans who consumed Caramel Colour III at the acceptable daily intake level (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days. These data are discussed in relation to the effects of Caramel Colour III and THI on blood lymphocyte numbers in rats.",

author = "Houben, \{G. F.\} and \{van Dokkum\}, W. and \{van Loveren\}, H. and Penninks, \{A. H.\} and W. Seinen and S. Spanhaak and Th Ockhuizen",

year = "1992",

month = jan,

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doi = "10.1016/0278-6915(92)90070-2",

language = "English",

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Houben, GF, van Dokkum, W, van Loveren, H, Penninks, AH, Seinen, W, Spanhaak, S & Ockhuizen, T 1992, 'Effects of Caramel Colour III on the number of blood lymphocytes: A human study on Caramel Colour III immunotoxicity and a comparison of the results with data from rat studies', Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 427-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(92)90070-2

Effects of Caramel Colour III on the number of blood lymphocytes: A human study on Caramel Colour III immunotoxicity and a comparison of the results with data from rat studies. / Houben, G. F.; van Dokkum, W.; van Loveren, H. et al.
In: Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 30, No. 5, 01.01.1992, p. 427-430.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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T1 - Effects of Caramel Colour III on the number of blood lymphocytes

T2 - A human study on Caramel Colour III immunotoxicity and a comparison of the results with data from rat studies

AU - Houben, G. F.

AU - van Dokkum, W.

AU - van Loveren, H.

AU - Penninks, A. H.

AU - Seinen, W.

AU - Spanhaak, S.

AU - Ockhuizen, Th

PY - 1992/1/1

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N2 - Administration of the colour additive Ammonia Caramel Colour (Caramel Colour III) to rats has been associated with decreased lymphocyte counts, specifically in rats fed a diet low in vitamin B6. This effect is rapidly reversible and is caused by an imidazole derivative (THI) in Caramel Colour III. In the present paper, the conduct of a human study with Caramel Colour III is outlined and the results of blood lymphocyte counts are presented. No decrease in the number of blood lymphocytes occurred in marginally vitamin B6-deficient humans who consumed Caramel Colour III at the acceptable daily intake level (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days. These data are discussed in relation to the effects of Caramel Colour III and THI on blood lymphocyte numbers in rats.

AB - Administration of the colour additive Ammonia Caramel Colour (Caramel Colour III) to rats has been associated with decreased lymphocyte counts, specifically in rats fed a diet low in vitamin B6. This effect is rapidly reversible and is caused by an imidazole derivative (THI) in Caramel Colour III. In the present paper, the conduct of a human study with Caramel Colour III is outlined and the results of blood lymphocyte counts are presented. No decrease in the number of blood lymphocytes occurred in marginally vitamin B6-deficient humans who consumed Caramel Colour III at the acceptable daily intake level (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days. These data are discussed in relation to the effects of Caramel Colour III and THI on blood lymphocyte numbers in rats.

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JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology

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ER -

Effects of Caramel Colour III on the number of blood lymphocytes: A human study on Caramel Colour III immunotoxicity and a comparison of the results with data from rat studies

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