@article{20a8e83e186644349e80b71c638a812b,
title = "Education differentially contributes to cognitive reserve across racial/ethnic groups",
abstract = "INTRODUCTION: We examined whether educational attainment differentially contributes to cognitive reserve (CR) across race/ethnicity.METHODS: A total of 1553 non-Hispanic Whites (Whites), non-Hispanic Blacks (Blacks), and Hispanics in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) completed structural magnetic resonance imaging. Mixture growth curve modeling was used to examine whether the effect of brain integrity indicators (hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volumes) on memory and language trajectories was modified by education across racial/ethnic groups.RESULTS: Higher educational attainment attenuated the negative impact of WMH burden on memory (β = -0.03; 99% CI: -0.071, -0.002) and language decline (β = -0.024; 99% CI:- 0.044, -0.004), as well as the impact of cortical thinning on level of language performance for Whites, but not for Blacks or Hispanics.DISCUSSION: Educational attainment does not contribute to CR similarly across racial/ethnic groups.",
keywords = "cognitive aging, cognitive reserve, education, racial/ethnic differences",
author = "Avila, {Justina F} and Renter{\'i}a, {Miguel Arce} and Jones, {Richard N} and Vonk, {Jet M J} and Indira Turney and Ketlyne Sol and Dominika Seblova and Franchesca Arias and Tanisha Hill-Jarrett and Shellie-Anne Levy and Oanh Meyer and Racine, {Annie M} and Tom, {Sarah E} and Melrose, {Rebecca J} and Kacie Deters and Medina, {Luis D} and Carri{\'o}n, {Carmen I} and Mirella D{\'i}az-Santos and Byrd, {DeAnnah R} and Anthony Chesebro and Juliet Colon and Igwe, {Kay C} and Benjamin Maas and Brickman, {Adam M} and Nicole Schupf and Richard Mayeux and Manly, {Jennifer J}",
note = "Funding Information: Data collection and sharing for this project was supported by the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP, PO1AG07232, R01AG037212, RF1AG054023) funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). This article has been reviewed by WHICAP investigators for scientific content and consistency of data interpretation with previous WHICAP Study publications. We acknowledge the WHICAP study participants and the WHICAP research and support staff for their contributions to this study. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Jennifer Manly had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Funding Information: Data collection and sharing for this project was supported by the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP, PO1AG07232, R01AG037212, RF1AG054023) funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). This article has been reviewed by WHICAP investigators for scientific content and consistency of data interpretation with previous WHICAP Study publications. We acknowledge the WHICAP study participants and the WHICAP research and support staff for their contributions to this study. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Jennifer Manly had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 the Alzheimer's Association",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1002/alz.12176",
language = "English",
volume = "17",
pages = "70--80",
journal = "Alzheimer's & Dementia",
issn = "1552-5260",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons Inc.",
number = "1",
}